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92 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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debating
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Discussing, conversing, and even arguing over the points of a matter.
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draft
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A brief, "first-step" presentation of a work to be completed.
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hearings
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A time when the good and bad aspects of a bill are discussed; includes written and verbal statements.
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House Bill
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Legislation that is under the voting process in the House of Representatives.
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legislation
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A bill that becomes a law.
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mark up
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When a subcommittee makes changes and add amendments before they recommend a bill to proceed.
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ordering a bill reported
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When a subcommittee reads its recommendation to the rest of their house of Congress.
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sponsor
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A member of Congress who is willing to introduce and back the legislation.
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alteration
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Change or amendment to the bill.
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chamber
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A legislative meeting hall.
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concurrence
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To reach an agreement.
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conference
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A meeting for discussion.
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conference committee
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Group which was formed to reach an agreement on how the final version of a bill would be presented.
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floor action
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Activity concerning a bill which may include debates and compromises.
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house of congress
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One of the two chambers in government, either the Senate or the House of representatives.
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in session
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The time when Congress is active and members are present, fulfilling their respective duties.
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roll call vote
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A voting process by the members who are present; no absentee voting allowed.
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sit
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A bill that will not be in progress or in any action but will be inactive for a particular time period.
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version
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A form or variation of the original.
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administration
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Executive branch of the American government; as in "the Clinton administration."
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ballot box
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The container into which votes are put.
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candidate
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A person who desires a position in a political office.
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constituency
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People of a region who elected a representative; the representative is answerable to these people. Also, the region itself.
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dictatorship
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A country with a one-party leader who is in complete control; usually one who is unfair.
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partisan
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A type of person who will staunchly campaign or vote for only one political party.
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political parties
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A group of people organized with a governmental agenda in mind.
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program
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A political plan of action.
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provincial
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Pertaining to Canada; regional or territorial.
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representative democracies
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Democracy where the people elect representatives to act as their agents in making laws.
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presidents
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1789-1797 George Washington (Federalist)
1797-1801 John Adams (Federalist) 1801-1809 Thomas Jefferson (Democrat-Republican) 1809-1817 James Madison (Democrat-Republican) 1817-1825 James Monroe (Democrat-Republican) 1825-1829 John Quincy Adams (Democrat-Republican) 1829-1837 Andrew Jackson (Democrat) 1837-1841 Martin Van Buren (Democrat) 1841 (Mar- Apr) William Henry Harrison (Whig) 1841-1845 John Tyler (Whig) 1845-1849 James Polk (Democrat) 1849-1850 Zachary Taylor (Whig) 1850-1853 Millard Fillmore (Whig) 1853-1857 Franklin Pierce (Democrat) 1857-1861 James Buchanan (Democrat) 1861-1865 Abraham Lincoln (Republican) 1865-1869 Andrew Johnson (Democrat) 1869-1877 Ulysses S. Grant (Republican) 1877-1881 Rutherford B. Hayes (Republican) 1881 (Mar-Sept) James Garfield (Republican) 1881-1885 Chester A. Arthur (Republican) 1885-1889 Grover Cleveland (Democrat) 1889-1893 Benjamin Harrison (Republican) 1893-1897 Grover Cleveland (Democrat) 1897-1901 William McKinley (Republican) 1901-1909 Theo |
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Alien and Sedition Acts
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Legislation which gave the President power to deport any alien he deemed dangerous.
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Anti-Federalist Party
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One of the first two American political parties; it wanted a weak central government.
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central government
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The federal power of the country.
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Constitutional Convention
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Gathering for the purpose of creating a Constitution which would frame the laws for running the U.S.
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Era of Good Feelings
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A period from 1816-1824 where there was only one political party: the Democrat-Republicans.
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faction
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A group that may not be in agreement with the general direction of the larger population.
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Federalist Party
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One of the first two American political parties; it wanted a strong central government.
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loose construction
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Interpretation of the Constitution allowing the federal government powers not specifically denied it.
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provision
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Arrangement or groundwork laid to establish a program.
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strict construction
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Interpretation of the Constitution limiting the Federal government to the powers in the document.
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carried
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In a national election, a candidate won the vote in a particular state.
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challenger
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A person who does not hold an office but who is trying to unseat an incumbent.
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concede
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To yield or surrender, to admit or acknowledge.
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economic unrest
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An uneasiness due to the lack of stability in the financial market.
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incumbent
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A person who currently holds an office.
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landslide defeat
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Losing by a large margin in an election.
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majority
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Having the larger number in a house of Congress, assuring strong voting power.
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scandal
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A public shame or disgrace brought about by illegal or unethical actions.
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stock market crash of 1929
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Financial panic where the market lost so much power that many people lost their fortunes in days.
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Whig Party
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A party formed mainly to fight the Democratic Party and Andrew Jackson; formed in the 1830's.
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adopt
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To accept and agree upon.
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campaign
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A unified and organized effort with a goal in mind.
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campaign manager
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The director of a political agenda whose goal is to place a chosen candidate in office.
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controversial
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An issue that may not be agreed upon by many different sides, and causes many debates.
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local level
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On a smaller, non-widespread scale.
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national level
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On a country-wide scale.
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nominate
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To formally suggest and recommend a candidate for election.
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plank
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An issue upon which the campaign may build such as civil rights, taxes, energy, or education.
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platform
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The declared policy of a political group.
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precinct
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An election region or section of a community.
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strategy
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A plan of action.
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appointee
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One who is nominated or designated to a position.
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committee
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The group of leaders who make the major decisions in the political party's election strategy.
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The Democrat Digest
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A monthly digest of information for Democrats.
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electoral votes
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The vote each state is given to cast for a national candidate for President of the United States.
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mass meeting
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The convention that mobilizes the national agenda and announces the candidates for the national election.
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patronage
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Appointing individuals to political offices.
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public relations
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The effort to establish a favorable impression with the populace.
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The Republican
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A monthly digest of information for Republicans.
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specific leaders
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Chairman of the national committee and presidential candidate.
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war chest
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Money designated for the purpose of conducting a winning campaign.
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announcement
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The individual fills out documentation and pays a filing fee to announce that he seeks a political office.
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caucus
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A gathering of party leaders to talk over possible candidates.
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closed primary
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The voter declares his party allegiance and votes for the ballot of his own party.
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county convention
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Delegates nominate most county officers and chose delegates to the state convention.
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declaration of candidacy
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Person wishes to be a candidate for the party, so he makes an announcement of intention.
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direct primary
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The members vote, by secret ballot, to choose their candidate for the general election.
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open primary
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Qualified voters vote for the candidates without revealing their party membership.
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party-raiding
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Members of one party move into the primary of the other party to choose candidates.
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plurality
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The most votes cast, but not necessarily a majority.
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state convention
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Delegates nominate candidates for offices and Congress, and delegates to the national convention.
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vocab
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absentee voting Process for those who cannot be present at their polling place because of health or obligation.
Australian ballot A secret ballot, originated in Australia. contested election If a losing candidate feels that fraud has occurred he may call the commission to recount the votes. election board Selected by district election board, a group that sees to the fairness and efficiency of an election. inspector One who is responsible for the proper conduct of the election. office-bloc arrangement Titles of offices appear across the ballot; the candidates of parties for each office are below the titles. oral voting Older form of voting where voters would call out the name of the candidate. party column method Names of the parties appear at tops of the columns; titles of various offices are shown at sides. poll watcher A citizen who is paid by the parties to keep a watchful eye on the voters and the officials. polling place Specific voting area; each voter is assigned a particular place within the |
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vocab
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appointment A designation to serve, based upon ability and other qualifications.
general election This follows the primary election; voters determine which of the nominated candidates shall hold office. independents A voter with no party affiliation. polling official Designated authorities who see to the fairness of the election at each voting precinct. primary An early election in which delegates select and nominate candidates for office. referendum The submitting of a proposed public measure for voting by the general public. short ballot A ticket for voting that shows only the names of the candidates for the highest offices. split ticket Voting for the best candidates for each office regardless of party. straight ticket A person votes for all candidates of that party for all offices. voting booth A device used in elections; its privacy curtain or shield ensures the citizen of secrecy while voting. voting machine A mechanism used in elections; with a systems of buttons and leve |
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vocab
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civil rights Rights and privileges owed to a citizen, including the freedom of speech and of worship.
discrimination To be unfair in judgment; to be prejudiced. To show partiality. Emancipation Proclamation Slaves within any State shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free. endowed Supplied with; given as a help. ethnic A group of people that share a common ancestry, nationality, or culture (including language and religious beliefs and practices). group identity Being affiliated with a particular culture, association, or people. nationality Belonging to a nation by virtue of birth or naturalization. prejudices Biases; stereotypical attitudes. religious affiliation Identification to a church or belief; adherence to a certain faith. social rewards Benefits that citizens of our society can enjoy. Awards based on achievement. |
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The following is a list of requirements for naturalization (effective December 24, 1952).
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Must file a petition for naturalization in a naturalization court in the district where they are residents.
They must be at least 18 years of age and of good moral character. They must have been lawful residents of the U.S. for at least five years immediately preceding the date of filing their petition for naturalization and must be residents of the state in which they filed their petition for the preceding six months. They must have been physically present in the U.S. for at least two and one-half years of this 5-year period. The residence requirement for spouses of U.S. citizens is three years. Special regulations also govern the naturalization of spouses of U.S. citizens who are employed abroad and alien veterans of the U.S. armed services. Petitioners are required to read, write, and speak English, unless prevented by physical disability or unless they were, on December 24, 1952, over 50 years of age and residents of the U.S. for 20 years. They must also be "attached to the principles of the Constitution |
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vocab
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bond slave A servant under complete submission to his master.
diverse Distinct; different. heir Those eligible for an inheritance. purge To thoroughly clean out; to purify. reputation The estimation of a person; the public perception of a person. social class A level of society. stereotyping Acting in a biased manner; using prejudicial thinking. |
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A PARTIAL TIMELINE OF DISCRIMINATION THAT TURNS INTO HORROR:
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Sept 27, 1938 - Nazis prohibit Jews from all legal practices.
Oct 5, 1938 - A Nazi law requires all Jewish passports to be stamped with a large red "J." Oct 28, 1938 - In a confusing yet tactical move, Nazis arrest 17,000 Jews of Polish nationality who are living in Germany, expelling them back to Poland. The Polish government, though, refuses them entry, so the Jews are left in a humiliating 'no-man's land' next to the Polish border for nearly half a year. Nov 15, 1938 - Jewish students are banned from all non-Jewish German schools. Dec 14, 1938 - Hermann Göring is given authority to resolve what the Nazis call the "Jewish Question." Feb 21, 1939 - Nazis require Jews to hand over any and all gold and silver items. July 4, 1939 - German Jews are stripped of the right to hold any government jobs. Oct 23, 1941 - Nazis disallow any emigration of Jews from the Reich. Dec 8, 1941 - Jews are taken to Chelmno extermination camp are placed in mobile gas vans and driven straight to a burial place. While the |
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vocab
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Boys State Youth organization designed to inform and encourage young men to learn about the ways of government
cabinet members Person appointed to head an executive department of the United States Government. conscientious Following one's principles. campaign debt Deficit incurred due to the expenses of a political effort. localized Confined to a smaller region; "closer to home." political science The study of the principles of government and the electoral process politics The science and activity or governing and social leadership scandal An issue that is a public shame, performed by an official in an illegal or unethical manner. treasury Where the funds are received, kept, and disbursed. |
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vocab
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active Involved and striving to reach a goal.
compromise The act of coming to an agreement by means of mutual concession. consensus Majority agreement in matters of opinions. editorial Opinion section of a newspaper; many times also known as "Letters to the Editor" passive Not participating; inactive. pressure group A group that tries to influence or sway public policy. propaganda Material distributed by the proponents of a cause to support their viewpoint. public opinion The collective feelings of the population of an area; it may or may not have factual basis. reversed Changed; headed in the opposite direction. |
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vocab
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anonymity Hidden from detection; secretive and without being recognized
biased Stereotyped against; prejudiced censorship The act of removing what may be considered objectionable to people contemporary Of the present time; recent editorial page Opinion page of the newspaper, where readers and writers express their views equal access Every political party receives the same radio/TV broadcast length and time of day Federal Communication Commission Oversees the communications industry in America, and enforces broadcast laws influencing The power to produce a desired result policy Plan; course of action racketeer A person who obtains money illegally, sometimes by threat of physical violence sound bite A short clip of TV footage which may cut a speaker's words to a few seconds of time |
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vocab
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bandwagon giving the impression that everyone is involved so that the listener would feel the "danger" of missing out
card-stacking the candidate recalls all the good things he has done, omitting facts that would justify his defeat debating team an organized group that competes with others in order to study the value of communication factually without any danger of error; basing actions on the truth glittering generalities using wide-spread universal terms that do not deal with the specific issues at hand name calling using broad accusations and negative attacks in order to bring down the reputation of an opponent patriotism employing nationalistic terms in order to give the impression of being zealous for the country's welfare plain folks projecting an image of being one of the common people propagandizing to inform and make known the opinions and feelings of oneself testimonial using well-known personalities in the hopes of identifying with some of their glamour |
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Seven propaganda techniques. How can we recognize, use, or combat propaganda? Seven propaganda techniques are quite common.
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When a candidate says he stands for "peace, prosperity, and progress," he is using glittering generalities.
When she implies that her opponent is "soft on Communism" or "has the support of the right-wing fanatics," she is resorting to name calling. When candidates are photographed kissing babies, catching a fish, or mowing the lawn, they are seeking to appear as just plain folks. Realizing how religious and patriotic most Americans are, he resorts to patriotism by opening his political meeting with a prayer, a salute to the flag, and the singing of The Star-Spangled Banner to transfer the religious and patriotic feelings involved to his cause. When the candidate uses card stacking, he "stacks the cards" by recalling all the good things he has done, omitting facts that would justify his defeat. She cites special polls to show that many people are joining her bandwagon and suggests that you should climb aboard. If famous sportsmen, businessmen, or personalities issue testimonials on his behalf, he hopes to ide |
