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54 Cards in this Set
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caucus (political)
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a normally closed meeting of a political legislative group to select candidates, plan strategy, or make decisions regarding legislative matters
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expressed powers
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specific powers granted by the Constitution to Congress (Article 1, Section 8) and to the president (Article 2)
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delegate powers
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constitutional powers that are assigned to one government agency but that are exercised by another agency with the express permission of the first
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inherent powers
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powers claimed by a president that are not expressed in the Constitution, but are inferred from it
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commander in chief
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the role of the president as commander of the national military and the state national guard units (when called into service)
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War Powers Resolution
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a resolution of congress that the president can send troops into action abroad only by authorization of Congress, or if American troops are already under attack or serious threat
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executive agreement
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an agreement, made between the president and another country, that has the force of a treaty but does not require the Senate's "advice and consent"
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executive privilege
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the claim that confidential communications between a president and close advisers should not be revealed without the consent of the president
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veto
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the president's constitutional power to turn down acts of Congress. A presidential veto may be overridden by a two-thirds vote of each house of Congress
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pocket veto
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a presidential veto that is automatically triggered if the president does not act on a given piece of legislation passed during the final ten days of a legislative session
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legislative initiative
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the president's inherent power to bring a legislative agenda before Congress
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executive order
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a rule or regulation issued by the president that has the effect and formal status of legislative
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cabinet
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the secretaries, or chief administrators, of the major departments of the federal government. Cabinet secretaries are appointed by the president with the consent of the Senate
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National Security Council (NSC)
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A presidential foreign-policy advisory council composed of the president; the vice president; the secretary of state; the secretary of defense and the other officials invited by the president
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White House Staff
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analysts and advisers to the president, often given the title "special assistant"
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Kitchen Cabinet
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an informal group of advisers to whom the president turns for counsel and guidance. Members of the official Cabinet may or may not also be members of the Kitchen Cabinet
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Executive Office of the President (EOP)
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the permanent agencies that perform defined management tasks for the president. Created in 1933, the EOP includes the Office of Management and Budget, the Council of Economic Advisers, the National Security Council, and other agencies
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mandate
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a claim by a victorious candidate that the electorate has given him or her special authority to carry out promises made during the campaign
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signing statements
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announcements made by the president when signing bills into law, often presenting the president's interpretation of the law
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bureaucracy
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the complex structure of offices, tasks, rules and principles of organizations that are employed by all large-scale institutions to coordinate the work of their personnel
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implementation
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the efforts of departments and agencies to translate law into specific bureaucratic rules and actions
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merit system
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a product of civil service reform, in which appointees to positions in public bureaucracies must objectively be deemed qualified for those positions
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department
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the largest subunit of the executive branch. the secretaries of the fifteen departments from the cabinet
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independent agency
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an agency that is not part of a cabinet department
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government corporation
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a government agency that performs a service normally provided by the private sector
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regulatory agencies
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departments, bureaus, or independent agencies whose primary mission is to impose limits, restrictions, or other obligations on the conduct of individuals companies in the private sector
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iron triangle
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the stable, cooperative relationship that often develops among a congressional committee, an administrative agency, and one or more supportive interest groups. Not all of these relationships are triangular, but the iron triangle is the most typical
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fiscal policy
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the governments use of taxing, monetary, and spending powers to manipulate the economy
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Federal Reserve System
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a system of twelve Federal Reserve Banks that facilitates exchanges of cash, checks, and credit; regulates member banks; and uses monetary policies to fight inflation and deflation
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revenue agencies
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agencies responsible for collecting taxes. Examples include the Internal Revenue Service for income taxes, the U.S. Customs Service for tariffs and other taxes on imported goods, and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives for collection of taxes on sales of those particular products
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deregulation
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a policy of reducing or eliminating regulatory restraints on the conduct of individuals or private institutions
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devolution
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a policy to remove a program from one level of government by delegating it or passing it down to a lower level of government, such as from the national government to the state and local government
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privatization
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removing all or part of a program from the public sector to the private sector
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executive privilege
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the claim that confidential communications between a president and close advisers should not be revealed without the consent of the president
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oversight
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the effort by Congress, through hearings, investigations, and other techniques, to exercise control over the activities of executive agenciesfac
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impeachment
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the formal charge by The House of Representatives that leads to a trial in the Senate and the possible removal of a state official
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appointment
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the power of the chief executive, whether the president of the United States or the governor of a state, to support persons to office
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patronage
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the resources available to higher officials, usually opportunities to make partisan appointments to offices and to confer grants, licenses, or special favors supporters
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senatorial courtesy
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the practice whereby the president, before formally nominating a person for a federal judgeship, seeks the indication that senators from the candidates own state support the nomination; in Texas, the practice whereby the governor seeks the indication that the senator from the candidate's home supports the nomination
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executive budget
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the state budget prepared and submitted by the governor to the legislature, which indicates the governor's spending priorities. The executive budget is overshadowed in terms of importance by the legislative budget
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legislative budget
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the state budget that is prepard and submitted by the Legislative Budget Board (LBB) and that is fully considered by the House and the Senate
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veto
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the governor's power to turn down legislation; can be overidden by a two-thirds vote of both the House and Senate
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post-adjournment veto
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a veto of a bill that occurs after the legislature adjourns, thus preventing the legislature from overriding it
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line-item veto
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the power of the executive to veto specific provisions (lines) of an appropriation bill passed by the legislature
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special session
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a legislative session
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plural executive
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an executive branch in which power is fragmented because the election of statewide officeholders is independent of the election of the governor
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secretary of state
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state official, appointed by the governor, whose primary responsibility is administering elections
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lieutenant governor
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the second-highest elected official in the state and president of the state Senate
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attorney general
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elected state official who serves as the state's chief civil lawyer
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land commissioner
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elected state official who is the manager of most publicly owned lands
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agricultural commissioner
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elected state official who is primarily responsible for enforcing agricultural laws
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comptroller
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elected state official who directs the collection of taxes and other revenues
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bureaucracy
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the complex structure of offices, tasks, rules, and principles of organization that are employed by all large-scale institutions to coordinate the work of their personnel
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Sunset Advisory Commission (SAC)
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a commission created in 1975 for the purpose of reviewing the effectiveness of state agencies
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