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30 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
political party
a group of individuals who join together to seek government office in order to make public policy
interest group
2. an organization of people who join together voluntarily on the basis of some interest they share for the purpose of influencing policy
2. they lobby policymakers
conservatism
traditional values, favor policy benefitting business, want people to help themselves, oppose heavy government spending, oppose most government regulation, oppose drastic change, favor low taxes, want to keep society the same, don't want political economic social institutions to change
liberalism
want change, favor high government spending on helping people; want people to have choices (pro abortion) want more government/social programs and intervention; want things to change (OBAMA); want political economic social institutions to change
democracy
representative government where the power is vested in the people because they have the power to vote

8 criteria:
1. right to vote (lost if convicted of a serious crime)
2. right to be elected
3. right of political leaders to compete for support and votes (ex: campaign)
4. free and fair elections
5. freedom of association
6. freedom of expression
7. alternative sources of information
8. institutions for making public policies depends on voted and other expressions of citizen preference
NAFTA
North American Free Trade Agreement
an agreement between Canada USA and Mexico to lower trade barriers among the three countries
direct democracy
a political system in which the citizens vote directly on matters of public concern.
writ of habeas corpus
a court order requiring that government authorities either to release a person held in custody or demonstrate that the person is detained in accordance with the law
unitary government
a government system in which political authority is concentrated in a single national government
constitution
"bible of the land"
fundamental law by which a state or nation is organized and governed, and to which ordinary legislation must conform
due process of law
consitutional principle holding that government must follow fair and regular procedures in actions that could lead to an individual's suffering loss of life, liberty, or property
agents of socialization
family
school
religious institutions
peer groups
media
agents of socialization - family
adults whose parents are politically active are more likely to be politically active too. voters are usually the children of voters. families influence atleast the initial development of political party affiliation
agents of socialization - peer groups
people who are friends with someone that's gay or lesbian will more likely be for same sex marriage; people are more likely to share the values of a group that is important to them than they are those of a group that's less significant
agents of socialization - religious institutions
people who attend religious institutions are more likely to be politically active. people tend to join political parties that agree with their religious groups
agents of socialization - school
civics classes increase political and government knowledge, especially when current events are discussed. coursework may need students to watch the news or read news online. schools teach patriotism. schools also get students used to being in and working in a "power structures"
agents of socialization - media
nearly everyone who votes reads a newspaper and about 1/2 of regular voters read newsmagazines as well; young people who are frequent media users are better informed about politics and government and are more supportive of american values such as free speech; political scientists beileve that the media, especially television, determine relative importance americans attach to various national problems
important factors that influence political participation
personal resources
psychological engagement
voter mobilization
community involvement
political participation - personal resources
time, money, civic skills (communication skills and organizational ability); some political activities take time, some need money, etc.; those whoe work in campaigns or participate in political groups and activities need time and civic skills; participation rates are higher for activities that require relatively little time, few skills, and little or no expense like voting
political participation - psychological engagement
people take part in the policymaking process when they are knowledgeable, interested, and have a strong sense of political efficacy
political participation - voter mobilization
(voter mobilization - process of motivating citizens to vote); it's more likely that someone will vote, participate in an election campaign, join a political group, or engage in some other form of political participation increases if those individuals are asked to participate
political participation - community involvement
individuals who have close community ties, such as home ownership and membership in community organizations are more likely to participate because they regard voting as their civic duty
patterns of participation
income
age
gender
race/ethnicity
patterns of paticipation - income
higher family income, the more likely a person will vote
patterns of paticipation - age
person over age of 65 will more likely vote because the population of older americans is growing (baby boomers); after the age of 75, it's less likely they will vote because of illness and other circumstances
patterns of paticipation - race/ethnicity
african americans are more likely to engage in protest and participate in political campaigns than whites, but are less likely to contribute campaign money than white; latinos are less likely to participate politically; 4.2 million americans are disqualified from voting because they are incarcerated or have prior criminal convictions
patterns of paticipation - gender
women are more likely to vote than men; men are more likely to engage in many other forms of participation; women on average have lower incomes than men
general decline in voter turnout between the 1960s and 1980s
number of US residents who are 18 years or older (voting age population) was very low during those times; there were alot of kids (baby boom generation) and not as many adults so the percentage of adults was low
states rights
interpretation of the Constitution that favors limiting the authority of the federal government while expanding the powers of the states
national government supremacy
constitution and national laws supersede state laws; when state government and national government conflict, national government wins