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140 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
is a way or organizing a nation so that two or more levels of government have formal authority over the same area and people
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Federalism
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place all its power in the central governement.
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Unitary governments
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refers to the entire set of interactions among national, state, and local govenments.
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Intergovernmental relations
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Federalism decentralizes politics in America
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Why is Federalism so important
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establishes the Constitution, laws of hte national governemnt, and treaties as the supreme law of the land.
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Supremacy Clause
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states that "powers not delegated to the united States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.
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Tenth Amendment
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McCulloch v. Maryland established the principle of implied powers, powers tht go beyond the enumerated powers of the Constitution, on the basis of the elastic clause
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Implied powers
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Gibbons v. Ogden defined commerce very broudly
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Commerce power
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the states and the national governement each remain supreme within there own spheres.
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Dual Federalism
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powers and policy assignments are shared between states and the national government
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Cooperative Federalism
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is the pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system.
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Fiscal Federalism
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are themain source of federal aid to state and local governments.
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Categorical grants
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are awarded on the basis of competitive applications
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Project grants.
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are distributed according to a formula.
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Formula grants
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are given more or less automatically to states or communities that have discretion in deciding how to spend the money.
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Block grants
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(1833), the Supreme Court The 1833 Supreme court decision ruled that the Bill of Rights restrained only the national government and not states and cities.
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Baron v. Baltimore
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the Constitutional amendment adopted after the Civil war stat states, "No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the priveleges or immunites of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
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14th Amendment
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Block grants are
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provided more or less automatically to support broad programs.
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A unitary system is a way of organizing government so that
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all power resides in a central government.
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Each of the following is considered a disadvantage of federalism for democracy EXCEPT
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Federalism discourages political participation
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Enumerated powers are those that are
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stated in the Constitution.
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Federalism contributes to democracy by each of the following ways EXCEPT
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providing a means for unified public policy.
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Federalism is a way of organizing a nation so that
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two or more levels of government have authority over the same area and people.
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In cooperative federalism,
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responsibilities are mingled and distinctions are blurred between the levels of government.
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In dual federalism,
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states and the national government each remain supreme within their own spheres.
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In the history of the federal system, a major area of tension between the states and the federal government has been over
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who controls public policy and what it should be.
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Standard operating procedures in cooperative federalism include each of the following EXCEPT
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shared funding with no strings attached
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The Civil War and the civil rights movement illustrate
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the supremacy of the national government.
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The clause that Congress can use all means necessary and proper to exercise its Constitutional powers means that
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Congress has implied powers.
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The fact that a driver's license from one state is valid in other states is an example of
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full faith and credit.
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The one area of mutual obligations in which the states allow many exceptions is the
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privileges and immunities clause.
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The pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system is called
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fiscal federalism
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The rapid growth of the national government is largely due to the fact that
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most problems and policies require the authority and resources of the national government.
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The supremacy clause
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establishes the Constitution, laws of the national government, and treaties as the supreme law of the land.
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The Tenth Amendment
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states that powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by the states, are reserved to the states.
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The type of aid that can be used only for one of several hundred specific purposes is called
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categorical grants.
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Which of the following statements is TRUE?
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Federal grants can put an unwanted financial burden on states.
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Business interests have traditionally found the national government to be more responsive to their demands.
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False
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Congress is forbidden to pass any law that creates a financial obligation for the states without providing funds to meet these obligations
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False
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In Gibbons v. Ogden (1824), the Supreme Court narrowly defined commerce, thus limiting the national government's regulatory powers.
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False
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In McCulloch v. Maryland, Chief Justice Marshall declared that federal laws or regulations preempt state or local laws or regulations and thus preclude their enforcement.
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True
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In recent years the Supreme Court has broadened the definition of commerce to give the federal government greater regulatory power.
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False
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Project grants are awarded on the basis of competitive applications.
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True
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States are responsible for most policies dealing with social, family, and moral issues.
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True
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The American states are organized as federal systems.
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False
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The Constitution says that states are required to return a person charged with a crime in another state to that state for trial or imprisonment.
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True
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The federal government often uses financial assistance in one program to influence state and local policy in another.
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True
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The federal government's presence is felt at almost all levels of government.
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True
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The more fundamental the rights, the less likely it is that a state can discriminate against citizens of another state.
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True
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The national government's share of American governmental expenditures has grown rapidly since 1929.
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True
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The percent of federal aid to state and local governments in the form of block grants has been decreasing since 1995.
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False
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The Tenth Amendment states that, unless declared in the Constitution, states' powers are superior to those of the national government.
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False
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An example of a unitary government is
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France
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The American states are unitary with respect to their local governments
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True
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When it comes to presidential campaigns, the candidates can basically ignore the states
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False
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The federal system in America decentralizes
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politics, governemnt, and policies
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In the U.S. the federal government is responsible for most social, family, and moral public policies
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False
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Sometimes social issues become national issues when groups try to use the power of the national government to influence the states.
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True
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Which of the following statements regarding the states is False
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The states rarely produce policy inventions
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The term federalism is found repeadedly in the Constitution.
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False
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Which of the following statements about the Constitution is False
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It is unamendable as to the equal representation of the states in the Senate.
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According to the Supremacy caluse, the supreme law of the land consists of all of
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State laws
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The Constitution grants the national government exclusive power to
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coin money
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The Constitution specifically denies to states the power to
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tax imports and exports
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The tenth amendement provides for
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the delegation of power to the states and the people.
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The quesion of how national and state powers are related was largely settled by
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Civil rights movements, the of McCulloch v. Maryland, the Civil War
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In 1791, the newly created national bank was regarded favorably by
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Federalists
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One of the country's ablest lawyers, who argued the case for Maryland before the Supreme Court in McCulloch v. Maryland was
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Luther Martin
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In McCulloch v. Maryland, the Supreme court states that as long as the national government behaves in accordance with the Constitution, its policies take precedence over the states policies
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True
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McCulloch v. Maryland established the two constitutional principles of
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National supremacy and implied powers
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The implied powers of Congress
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mean that Congress has pwers that go beyond those enumerated in the Constitution.
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New Deal and civil rights legislation illistrate the powers of the national government as derived through its constitutional requirement to regulate
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interstate commerce
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Conflict over federalism was at the center of the
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Civil War
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The battle for racial equality
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demonstrates national supremacy in the federal system
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The constitutional requirement that states must return a person charged with a crime in another state to that state for trial ir imprisonments is called
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extradition
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The goal of the principle of priveleges and immunities is to
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prohibit states from discriminating against citizens of other states.
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The Supreme court has clearly identified which privileges a state must make available to all Americans, and which priveleges can be limited to its own citizens
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False
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In dual Federlism the
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powers and policy responsibilities of the government layers are distict.
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Cooperative federalism has been likened to
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Marble cake
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Eduacation is a policy area that most exemplifies
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Cooperative federalsim
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Which of the following is not a standard operating procedure of cooperative federalism
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exclusive control by the states
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The pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system is
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Fiscal federalism
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The federal aid system gives the national government very little control over the states
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False
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Categorical grants
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are the main source of federal aid to states and cities.
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Using federal dollars in on eprogram to influence state and local policy in another is called
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cross-over sanctions.
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Categorical grants include all of the following except
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block grants
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A type of grant awarded on the basis of competive applicaitons is the
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Project grant
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The federal aid programs that allow states discretion in deciding how to spend the money are
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Block grants
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the National League of Cities, the U.S. Conference of MAyors, and the Council of State Governemnts are governemtal interest groups.
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True
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A general rule of federalism is that, the more money at stake, the more people willargue about its distribution.
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True
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States and localities are always eager to receive increased aid from the federal government
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False
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The clean air act of 1970 is an example of
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the federal courts creating unfolding mandates for the states
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Federalism contributes to democracy by
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creating more opportunitites to participation in democracy, increasing the opportunities for governemtn to be responsive to demands for policies, ensuring that each state can establish a power base to promote its interests.
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Federalism tends to increase the amount of decision making and conflict at the national level.
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False
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Which of the following statements if False
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Diversity in policy tends to encourage states t provide services that would other wise not be avaiable, such as generous welfare benefits.
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Voter turnout in local elections is often
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less than 20 percent
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A major consequence of the U.S. changing from agriculttureal to an industrial nation was
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an increase in demands on the national government for new policies
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Labor unions tend to channel their demands for public policies through state govenrments rather than through the national governemnt.
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False
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The proportion of our GDP spent by state and local governemnts
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has grown less rapidly than the national governemtn's share
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A major criticism of the primary system is that
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- A disproportionate attention goes to the early primaries.
- money plays too big a role in the primaries. - participation in primaries is low and unrepresentative. all of the above. |
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According to the Federal Election Campaign Act, candidates must
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disclose who contributed to their campaigns and how the money was spent.
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Campaigns are most effective in
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reinforcing existing preferences toward candidates
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Critics of the Political Action Committee (PAC) system are concerned that
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PACs may control what the electoral winners do once in office.
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Each of the following is an important function of the national party convention EXCEPT to
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select members of the electoral college.
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In return for contributions, Political Action Committees (PACs) hope to gain
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access to officeholders.
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News coverage of presidential campaigns tends to emphasize
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details of the campaign game and poll results
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Nomination for public office is
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a party's endorsement of a candidate.
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One of the more meaningful functions of a party convention today is to
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orchestrate a massive send-off for the presidential and vice-presidential candidates
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Prior to running, the vast majority of presidential candidates in the United States were
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members of Congress or state governors
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The "big mo" in a campaign refers to
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momentum
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The laws determining the way in which the primaries are set up and the delegates are allocated are made by
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state legislatures and state parties.
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The member of a presidential campaign who helps reporters make their deadlines with stories that the campaign would like to see reported is the
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press secretary.
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The purpose of the McGovern-Fraser Commission was to
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draft reforms to increase the representativeness of the Democratic National Convention
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The relationship between campaign spending and electoral success is that
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spending more than your opponent does not assure victory
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The Supreme Court case of Buckley v. Valeo (1976)
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extended the right of free speech to PACs.
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To secure votes from each region and state of the country, candidates
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end up supporting a variety of local interests.
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Today, a majority of the delegates to the national convention are selected through
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presidential primaries.
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Which of the following characteristics is NOT associated with today's state caucuses?
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a private meeting of party elites
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Which of the following statements is FALSE?
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Most television advertising has little to do with salient campaign issues.
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A study by Rosenberg and McCafferty concluded that
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it is possible to manipulate a candidate's appearance in a way that affects voters' choices
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All other things being equal, who of the following individuals is most likely to vote?
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a married union member
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As the right to vote has been extended,
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proportionately fewer of those eligible have chosen to vote.
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Elections serve the purpose of
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- socializing and institutionalizing political activity.
- providing regular access to political power. - providing a legitimate means to replace leaders. - all of the above |
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If a presidential candidate does not receive a majority of electoral college votes, then the president is chosen
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by the House with one vote for each state
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In the 1950s, the single best predictor of a voter's decision of how to vote was
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party identification
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In the election of 1800
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the candidate with the second highest number of electoral votes became vice president
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In the election of 1896 the Republicans supported
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the gold standard
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Many voters have come to feel that they no longer need the parties to guide their choices because
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modern technology makes it possible for them to evaluate and make their own decisions about the candidates.
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Parties and candidates
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are skilled in the art of ambiguity.
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Policy voting has increased in recent years primarily because
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candidates are regularly forced to take some clear stands in order to appeal to their own party's primary voters.
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Retrospective voting refers to voting
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for an incumbent because the perception that his or her policies have made you better off
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Studies have shown that the most important dimension of candidate image is
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competence.
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The 2000 election was the first presidential election in which
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the courts played a pivotal role
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The belief that ordinary people can influence the government is known as
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political efficacy
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The electoral college system can introduce bias in the electoral process that favors
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big states
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The voter registration system is
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an important factor in low voter turnout.
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Voters in some states can put a proposed law on the ballot with
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an initiative petition.
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Which of the following conditions is NOT central to policy voting?
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a voter's party identification
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Which of the following factors is NOT central to the decision of whether or not to vote?
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the knowledge that most elections are extremely close
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Which of the following factors is NOT central to the decision of how to vote?
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Simplified registration procedures
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