Government H Exam

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Roles Of The President

Back 1

(1) chief of state, (2) chief executive, (3) chief administrator, (4) chief diplomat, (5) commander in chief, (6) chief legislator, (7) party chief, and (8) chief citizen.

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Members of the Presidential Cabinet

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Vice Presiden the Secretaries of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Education, Energy, Health and Human Services, Homeland Security, Housing and Urban Development, Interior, Labor, State, Transportation, Treasury, and Veterans Affairs, as well as the Attorney General.

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Purpose of the Presidential Cabinet

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to advise the President

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Deficit

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the amount by which something, especially a sum of money, is too small.

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Surplus

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an amount of something left over when requirements have been met; an excess of production or supply over demand.

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Steps in the budget cycle

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Preparing

Approving

Executing

Evaluating

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Public Opinion

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views prevalent among the general public.

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Political Socialization

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influence to different degrees an individual's politicalopinions: family, media, peers, education, religion, faith, race, gender, age and geography.

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Random Sampling

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a method of selecting a sample (random sample) from a statistical population in such a way that every possible sample that could be selected has a predetermined probability of being selected.

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Who presides over senate

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President

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Constitutional requirements for becoming president

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First, Presidents must be thirty-five years of age or older. Second, the President must have been a "Resident" of the United States for fourteen years.Third,one must be a "natural born Citizen" (or a citizen at the time of the adoption of the Constitution).

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Property Tax

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levy on property that the owner is required to pay.

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Proportional Tax

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taxing mechanism in which the taxing authority charges the same rate of tax from each taxpayer, irrespective of income

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County

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a political and administrative division of a state, providing certain local governmental services.

Front 15

University of California V. Bakke

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allowed race to be one of several factors in college admission policy.

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Brown V. Bored Of Education

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declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional.

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Hoyt V. Florida

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Gender Bias Case

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Affirmative Action

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an action or policy favoring those who tend to suffer from discrimination, especially in relation to employment or education; positive discrimination.

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Double Jeopardy

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someone going to jail for the same thing twice

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Public Policy

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the principles, often unwritten, on which social laws are based.

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Civil Rights

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Political and social rights to citizens

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What is a warrant and when is it needed

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a document issued by a court that gives the police the power to do something .Police officers do not need a warrant to perform a search in connection with an arrest.

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open primary

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a primary election in which voters are not required to declare party affiliation.

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Progressive Tax

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increase of a tax

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regressive tax

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a tax that takes a larger percentage from low-income people than from high-income people.

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closed primary

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primary limited to registered party members, who must declare their party affiliation in order to vote.

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nomination

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the action of nominating or state of being nominated.

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civil liberties

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the state of being subject only to laws established for the good of the community, especially with regard to freedom of action and speech.

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SELECTIVE INCORPORATION

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constitutional doctrine that ensures states cannot enact laws that take away the constitutional rights of American citizens that are enshrined in the Bill of Rights.

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free excercise clause

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Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof..

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Gerrymandering

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to favor one party or class.

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republic

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state in which supreme power is held by the people

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special purpose district

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independent governmental units that exist separately from, and with substantial administrative and fiscal independence from, general purpose local governments such as county, municipal, and township governments.

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Municipal Court

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court whose jurisdiction is confined to a city

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appeals court

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court of second instance or second instance court, is any court of law that is empowered to hear an appeal of a trial court or other lower tribunal.

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Interests groups

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is a group, however loosely or tightly organized, that is determined to encourage or prevent changes in public policy without trying to be elected

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Mass Media

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The Media

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Exit Poll

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a poll of people leaving a polling place, asking how they voted.

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Margin of error

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an amount (usually small) that is allowed for in case of miscalculation or change of circumstances.

Front 40

Electoral College

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a process, not a place. The founding fathers established it in the Constitution as a compromise between election of the President by a vote in Congress and election of the President by a popular vote of qualified citizens.