Government And Politics Unit 2

Front 1

Article I, Section 1

Back 1

"All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives" Simply put, the main job of the legislative branch is to make laws.

Front 2

Article I, Section 2

Back 2

The rules for the house of representatives and the lower house of Congress. States that there must be 435 representatives.

Front 3

Article 1, Section 3

Back 3

Deals with the upper house of Congress, or Senate. Two senators from each state and the Senate ratifies treaties and confirms presidential appointments.

Front 4

Article II

Back 4

Explains the powers and limits of the executive branch, including the president, vice president and various executive departments. Enforces laws, appoints judges, conducts foreign policy and gives the president power to veto laws.

Front 5

Article II, Section 3

Back 5

Requires the president "take care that the laws be faithfully executed."

Front 6

Article III

Back 6

The judicial branch. The main role is to interpret and enforce laws. Aka, the court system.

Front 7

Article IV

Back 7

Concerns issues and conflicts between the state's and how to resolve them.

Front 8

Article IV, Section 1

Back 8

"All states are to honor each other's laws and legal decisions."

Front 9

Article V

Back 9

Explains how to amend, make changes or add to, the constitution.

Front 10

Article VI

Back 10

States that federal law would be superior to state law. All government officials must take an path to support the constitution.

Front 11

Article VII

Back 11

Describes how ratification must be achieved.

Front 12

Eighteenth Amendment

Back 12

Prohibited the sale of alcohol more that 0.5 percent by volume.

Front 13

Twenty First Amendment

Back 13

Repealed the Prohibition.

Front 14

Thomas Jefferson

Back 14

Considered one of the most brilliant Founders, he believed in protecting individual liberty and championed the ideas of religious freedom and public education.

Front 15

John Adams

Back 15

Harvard educated attorney, believed that a strong government was needed but could also be checked to make sure it did not become to powerful. He had doubts about democracy believing it could to easily lead to mob rule.

Front 16

George Washington

Back 16

More of a man of action than an intellectual. Served in the French and Indian War. His humlity made him successful in politics, where he was more of a uniter than divider.

Front 17

Benjamin Franklin

Back 17

The eccentric founder who mixed politics and wit into his writing. A loyal British citizen who was slow to embrace the call for independence. Even after embracing independence, he pressed the importance of diplomacy.

Front 18

Patrick Henry

Back 18

A great public speaker who favored a weak government. He boycotted the Constitual Covention and actively opposed it's ratification saying, "I smell a rat." When his efforts failed he focused on adding a Bill of Rights.

Front 19

Samuel Adams

Back 19

At Harvard, he studied John Locke's theories and took to heart the call to over throw unjust leaders. Planned many anti-british protests and organized the Boston Tea Party. Opposed strong government and did not like the system created by the constitution. However, he later campaigned in Massachusetts to ratify due to the promise of it being amended.

Front 20

René Descartes

Back 20

French philosopher and mathematician, he stressed the usefulness of doubt. He thought that skepticism would help people avoid being trapped by superstition and tradition.

Front 21

Jean-jacques Rousseau

Back 21

Believed that governments corrupted people. He argued that if governments promoted people's natural goodness, the world would be a much better place.

Front 22

Montesquieu

Back 22

Firmly believed in natural laws and rights. Argued that the government should have three branches so that these rights weren't interfered with.

Front 23

Voltaire

Back 23

Strong advocate of free speech, freedom of the press, and freedom of religion.

Front 24

Emmerich de Vattel

Back 24

Applied natural law to nations, then explained how nations should interact with each other. Also laid out rights and obligations of citizens and government.

Front 25

Thomas Hobbes

Back 25

Argued that people had to give up their natural rights in exchange for order and stability provided by a ruler. The ruler has absolute power and the only right the people get to keep is to protect themselves from death.

Front 26

John Locke

Back 26

Argued that people form a society to protect there rights which include life, liberty, and ownership of property. A good government would protect these rights and a bad government should be overthrown.

Front 27

The Articles of Confederation

Back 27

A constitution, established a national government that consisted of a single legislative body: Congress.

Front 28

Daniel Shays

Back 28

Led an armed rebellion of farmers that threatened the power of the government. The rebellion was due to the government taxing to pay off debts.

Front 29

Federalists

Back 29

Supported the ratification of the constitution. Included James Madison, Alexander Hamiltion, and John Jay.

Front 30

Anti-Federalists

Back 30

Opposed the ratification of the constitution. Included Patrick Henry, James Monroe, and Samuel Adams.

Front 31

Limited government

Back 31

A form of government in which the people grant the government the right to rule; the government's powers are clearly limited, usually, in a written document.

Front 32

Popular sovereignty

Back 32

The idea that government is subject to the will of the people

Front 33

Federalism

Back 33

A system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units

Front 34

Separation of powers

Back 34

The principle that divides American government amoung three braches: executive, legislative, and judicial

Front 35

Checks and balances

Back 35

A major principle of the U.S governmental system whereby each branch of government exercises a limiting power on the actions of the others and in which powers are distributed among the three branches in a manner designed to prevent tyranny

Front 36

Delegated Powers

Back 36

The federal government can coin money, regulate interstate and international trade, make treaties and conduct foreign policy, declare war, provide an army and navy, establish post offices, make laws necessary and proper to carry out these powers.

Front 37

Concurrent Powers

Back 37

Federal and state governments share the power to collect taxes, build roads, borrow money, establish courts, make and enforce laws, charter banks and corporations, spend money for the general welfare, take private property for public purposes, with compensation.

Front 38

Reserved Powers

Back 38

State governments can issue licenses, regulate intrastate business, conduct elections, establish local governments, ratify amendments to the Constitution, take measures for public health and safety, exert powers that the Constitution does not delegate to the national government or prohibit the state's from using.

Front 39

First Amendment

Back 39

Freedom of religion, speech, and the press; rights of assembly and petition

Front 40

Second Amendment

Back 40

Right to bear arms

Front 41

Third Amendment

Back 41

Quartering of soldiers

Front 42

Fourth amendment

Back 42

Search and seizure, warrants

Front 43

Fifth amendment

Back 43

Rights of the accused

Front 44

Sixth Amendment

Back 44

Right to a speedy trial

Front 45

Seventh Amendment

Back 45

Jury trail in civil cases

Front 46

Eighth Amendment

Back 46

Excessive bail and punishment

Front 47

Ninth amendment

Back 47

Rights retained by the people

Front 48

Tenth Amendment

Back 48

Powers retained by the people

Front 49

Eleventh Amendment

Back 49

Lawsuits against states

Front 50

Twelveth amendment

Back 50

Election of the president and vice president

Front 51

Thirteen amendment

Back 51

Abolition of slavery

Front 52

Fourteenth amendment

Back 52

Civil rights

Front 53

Fifteenth amendment

Back 53

Suffrage despite race

Front 54

Sixteenth amendment

Back 54

Income taxes

Front 55

Seventeenth amendment

Back 55

Election of senators

Front 56

Nineteenth amendment

Back 56

Women's suffrage

Front 57

Twentieth amendment

Back 57

Terms of the president and congress

Front 58

Twenty second amendment

Back 58

Two term limit on presidency

Front 59

Twenty third amendment

Back 59

Electors for the district of columbia

Front 60

Twenty fourth amendment

Back 60

Poll taxes

Front 61

Twenty fifth amendment

Back 61

Presidential disability and succession

Front 62

Twenty sixth amendment

Back 62

Suffrage for 18 year olds

Front 63

Twenty seventh amendment

Back 63

Congressional salaries

Front 64

Supremacy clause

Back 64

Says that In case of a conflict, federal laws outweigh state laws.

Front 65

Republican government clause

Back 65

The federal government will protect the people against abusive state governments.

Front 66

Full faith and credit clause

Back 66

States have to accept each other's laws, (except when they don't.)

Front 67

Grants-in-aid

Back 67

The federal government gives States more control over programs, but continues to fund those programs.

Front 68

Dual Federalism

Back 68

Power was divided equally between the state's and the government.

Front 69

Cooperative federalism

Back 69

Also know as "marble cake federalism" because the layers of government roles have blurred. The national and state governments shared functions and collaborated on major national policies.

Front 70

Creative federalism

Back 70

Federal power increased through new programs that applied the elastic clause to situations not imagined by the founders. Also known as picket fence federalism. Expanded federal involvement in local issues.

Front 71

New federalism

Back 71

A system of giving more powers back to state's. Sometimes referred to as "on your own federalism," this system is characterized by a gradual shifting of responsibilites to state governments.