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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. Block Grants
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A grant of money from the federal government. to states fro programs in certain general areas rather than for specific kinds of programs.
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2. Categorical Grants
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Federal grants for specific purposes defined by federal law. (Build airports) Such grants usually require that the state or locality put up money “to match” some part of the federal price.
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3. City
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A municipal corporation or municipality that has been charactered by a state to exercise certain defined powers and provide certain special services.
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4. Conditions of Aid
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Federal rules attached to the grants that the states receive. States must agree to abide by these rules in order to receive the grants.
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5. Confederation or Confederal System
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A political system in which states or regional government retains ultimate authority except for those that they expressly delegate to a central government.
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6. County
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The largest territorial unit between a city and a town.
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7. Devolution
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The current effort to scale back the size and activities of the national government and to shift responsibility for a wide range of domestic programs from Washington to the states.
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8. Dillon’s Rule
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A legal principle that holds that the terms of a city characters are to be interpreted narrowly. Under this rule a municipal corporation can exercise only those powers expressly given it of those powers necessary implied by, or essential to the accomplishment of, these states.
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9. Dual Federation
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A constitutional theory that the national government and the state government each have defined areas of authority, especially over commerce.
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10. Federalism
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A political system in which ultimate authority is shared between a central government and state or regional government.
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11. Federal Regime
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A political system in which local units of government have a specialty protested existence and can make final decisions over some governmental activities.
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12. Federal System
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A system in which sovereignty is shared so that on some matters the national government is supreme and on other the state, regional, or provincial governments are supreme.
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13. General-Act Charter
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A charter that applies to a number of cities that fall within a certain classification, usually based on city population.
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14. Grants- in- Aid
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Federal funds provided to states and localities. Grants-in-aid are typically provided for airports, highways, education, and major welfare services.
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15. Home-Rule Charter
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A character that allows the city government to do anything that is not prohibited by the charter or by state law.
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16. Initiative
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A procedure allowing voters to submit a proposed law to a popular vote by obtaining a required number of signatures.
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17. Mandates
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Rules imposed by the federal government on these states as conditions for obtaining federal grants or requirements that the states pay the cost of certain nationality defined programs.
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18. Municipal Corporation or Municipality
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A legal term for a city. It is charted by the state to exercise certain powers and provide certain services.
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19. “Necessary and Proper” Cause
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The final paragraphs of Article 1 Section 8 of the Constitution, which authorizes Congress to pass all laws “necessary and proper” to carry out the enumerated powers. Also known as “elastic cause” flexibility that it provides to Congress.
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20. Nullification
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A theory, first advanced by James Madison and Thomas Jefferson, that the states had the right to nullify (declare null and void) a federal law that, in the states opinion, violated the Constitution.
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21. Ordinance
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A law passed and enforced by a city government.
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22. Police Power
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The power of a state to promote health, safety, and morals.
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23. Referendum
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The practice of submitting a law to a popular vote at election time. The law must be proposed by a voter’s initiative or by the legislature.
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24. Revenue Sharing
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A law providing for the distribution of a fixed amount or share of federal tax revenues to the states for spending almost any government purpose.
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25. School district
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A special-district government responsible for administering public schools.
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26. Second-Order Devolution
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The flow of power and responsibility from states to local government.
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27. Sovereignty
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Supreme or ultimate political authority; a sovereign government is one that is legally and politically independent of any other government.
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28. Special-Act Charter
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A character that denies the powers of a certain named city and lists what the city can and cannot do.
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29. Special-District Government or Authority
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A local or regional government with responsibility for some single function such as administering schools, handling sewage or managing airports.
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30. Third-Order Devolution
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The use of nongovernmental organizations to implement public policy.
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31. Town or Township
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A subunit of county government in many eastern and Midwestern states.
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32. Unitary System
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A system in which sovereignty is wholly in the hands of the national government so that sub-national political units are dependent on its will.
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