Gov Exam 3

Front 1

Focusing event

Back 1

A major happening, often of crisis or disaster proportions, that attracts widespread media attention to an issue.

Front 2

Political socialization

Back 2

The process by which individuals acquire their political values and outlooks

Front 3

I dentify the agents of political socialization

Back 3

Education.

Gender.

Race.

Religion.

Life events.

Front 4

Sampling frame

Back 4

A designated group of people from whom a set of poll respondents is randomly selected

Front 5

Demographic group

Back 5

People sharing specific factors: for example, age, ethnicity/race, religion, or country of origin.

Front 6

Framing effects

Back 6

The influence, on the respondent, of how a polling question is asked; changes in wondering can signficantly alter many people's answers.

Front 7

Push poll

Back 7

A form of negative campaigning that masquerades as a regular opinion survey. They are usually conducted by a campaign or allied group and feature strongly critical or unflattering information about an opponent.

Front 8

Margin of sampling error

Back 8

The degree of inaccuracy of any poll, arising from the fact that surveys involve a sample of respondents from a population, rather than every member.

Front 9

Response bias

Back 9

The tendency of poll respondents to miss state their views, frequently to avoid shameful opinions that might appear sexist or racist.

Front 10

Bandwagon effect

Back 10

When people join a cause because it seems popular or support a candidate who is leading in the polls

Front 11

Boomerang effect

Back 11

The discrepancy between candidates in poll ratings and election performance, caused by supporters assumption that an easy win means they need not vote.

Front 12

Underdog effect

Back 12

Sympathy for a candidate behind in the polls, contributing to a higher than predicted vote total and sometimes a surprise election victory.

Front 13

Mass media

Back 13

Information and entertainment for broad popular audiences including newspapers, magazines, radio, and television.

Front 14

Policy agenda

Back 14

The issues that the media covers, the public considers important, and politicians address. Setting the agenda is the first step in political action.

Front 15

Caucus

Back 15

A local meeting at which registered members of a political party meet to selected delegates representing presidential candidates.

Front 16

Mid term elections

Back 16

National elections held between presidential elections, involving all seats in the House of Representatives, 1/3 of those in the senate, 36 governors, and other positions.

Front 17

National elections

Back 17

Always held on the 1st Tuesday after the 1st Monday in November of even numbered years.

Front 18

McCutchen v. FEC

Back 18

2014. Wanted to donate more than what the campaign finance laws would allow. Laws allow $1776 per candidate and an overall spending limit of $48,600.

Front 19

PAC

Back 19

Political action committee. In 2014, the limit was 5000 per candidate per PAC per election cycle.

Front 20

Super PAC

Back 20

Organizations that are permitted to raise and spend unlimited amounts of money to promote a candidate or public cause. However they may not directly contribute to a candidate or coeordinate with a campaign.

Front 21

527 groups

Back 21

Organizations governed by section 527 of the federal tax code; are allowed to raise and spend unlimited amounts for "issue advocacy" but are forbidden to coordinate their efforts with any candidate or campaign and their ads cannot mention a candidate favorable or unfavorably.

Front 22

Bundling

Back 22

Shorthand for the process of convincing dozens of colleagues and friends to donate at or near the max and then delivering all the checks together.

Front 23

General election

Back 23

Party versus party. Kicks off after the convention. Held August through November

Front 24

Party Convention

Back 24

Where party officials get together to officially decide who will represent it for president. Held July through August

Front 25

Nomination

Back 25

Where each party chooses its contender for the general election

Front 26

Primary

Back 26

Contests between candidates where ballots are cast and counted for state presidential races

Front 27

Electoral college

Back 27

538 delegates based on congressional delegation for each of the 50 States (535 delegates plus 3 for D.C.)

Front 28

Define realignment and dealignment

Back 28

Realignment occurs when there is a long term shift in voter allegiance from one political party to the opposit party.

Dealignment occurs when voters typically vote split ticket (officials from both parties for different offices) and do not keep the same party in the majority or in power for more than 1 or 2 presidential election cycles.

Front 29

Campaign finance rules for running for congress

Back 29

Congress raises money privately through PACS. There is no limit on the number of PACs a Congressman can take money from although there is a $5000 limit per PAC.

Front 30

Voter turnout

Back 30

A measure of what proportion of eligible voters actually cast a legitimate ballot in a given election

Front 31

The 5 presidents who have one without the popular vote

Back 31

John Quincy Adams v. Jackson

Ratherford B. Hayes v. Tilden

Benjamin Harrison v. Cleveland

George W. Bush v. Gore

Trump v. Clinton

Front 32

The Daisy ad

Back 32

President Johnson's campaign

Front 33

2 ways your vote is measured

Back 33

Popular vote.

Electoral college.

Front 34

Factors in winning an election

Back 34

Economy.

Demographics.

War and foreign policy.

Domestic issues.

Organization and the campaign itself.

Front 35

1st party system

Back 35

(1789-1828) Washington/Jefferson. Federalist and Democrat/republicans.

Front 36

2nd party system

Back 36

(1828-1860) Andrew Jackson. Spoils system was very prevalent in the system. Party names changed. Federalists gone. Democrat and republicans split.

Front 37

3rd party system

Back 37

(1860-1896) Abraham Lincoln.

Front 38

4th party system

Back 38

(1896-1932) Theodore roosevelt. Women's rights, corporate gains, government regulations.

Front 39

5th party system

Back 39

(1933-1968) Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Social security, government programs, huge racial tensions.

Front 40

6th party system

Back 40

(1972-present) Parties at equal strength. Neither party dominates the system more than the other.

Front 41

Benchmark polls

Back 41

Initial findings that set up future progress. First polled results.

Front 42

Straw poll

Back 42

Informal polls carried out by local party organization or news outlets.

Front 43

Brush fire Pole

Back 43

Internal surveys conducted by a campaign once the election season begins. They provide details about how a candidate it is performing.

Front 44

Exit poll

Back 44

Performed on election day, both by campaign and news organizations, these surveys happen on the way out of the voting booth.

Front 45

Interest group

Back 45

An organization whose goal is to influence government

Front 46

Lobbyist

Back 46

A person who contacts government officials on behalf of a particular cause or issue

Front 47

The 3 main interest groups

Back 47

Economics. Citizen groups. Intergovernmental.

Front 48

List components of a successful interest group

Back 48

Inform members. Communicate their views using lobbyist. Mobilized voters.

Front 49

Iron triangle

Back 49

The relationship in one issue area between interests group labiis, congressional staffers, and executive branch agencies.

Front 50

Nonpartisan election

Back 50

An election in which candidates run as individuals, without any party affiliation. Many towns and cities feature nonpartisan elections.

Front 51

Party platform

Back 51

The written statement of a party's core convictions and issue priorities. Generally revised every 4 years, in time for the national party convention.

Front 52

Split ticket voter

Back 52

Boats for at least one candidate from each party Chama dividing his or her ballot between the 2 or more parties.

Front 53

Straight ticket voter

Back 53

Boats for the same party for all offices on the ballot

Front 54

Base voters

Back 54

Party members who tend to vote loyally for their party's candidates in most elections

Front 55

Partisanship

Back 55

Taking the sign of a party, or opposing a viewpoint that reflects a political party's principles or position on an issue.

Front 56

Party caucus

Back 56

A meeting of all house or senate members of one or the other main party Chama usually to discuss political and policy strategies

Front 57

Gift ban

Back 57

Gifs are banned in the house gifts up to $50 are okay in the senate

Front 58

Din

Back 58

The sheer volume of information and noise generated by online sources

Front 59

The Bradley effect

Back 59

Response bias

Front 60

Which president seized the opportunity to connect with the public through the radio?

Back 60

Franklin Roosevelt

Front 61

Federal communications commission

Back 61

The airwaves belong to the public

Front 62

The federal communications commission repealed what law in 1983

Back 62

The fairness doctrine

Front 63

Incumbent advantage

Back 63

The tendency for a member of Congress to win re election in overwhelming numbers

Front 64

What is the amount of money that an individual can donate to one candidate in 1 election cycle?

Back 64

$2700

Front 65

What are mid term elections

Back 65

Elections held in a non-presidential election year

Front 66

The date of the primary is set by the

Back 66

State

Front 67

A state that permits primary voters to select candidates from either party no matter how the voter is registered is what type of primary?

Back 67

Open

Front 68

How much of the senate is elected every 2 years?

Back 68

1/3

Front 69

What occurs when a donor spends an unlimited amount of money on advertisements that point out negative aspects about in opponent?

Back 69

Independent expenditures

Front 70

How much time does a lobbyist spend of their work time on lobbying activities?

Back 70

20%

Front 71

The government theory where many special interests groups have the primary power in government and rotate power depending upon the issue is what?

Back 71

Pluralism

Front 72

One of the components of a successful interests group is what?

Back 72

Salience

Front 73

Solidary benefits

Back 73

Consists of the feelings of shared commitment and purpose resulting in a sense of fellowship experienced by individuals who join an interest group

Front 74

How do you identify a political party in any country?

Back 74

Party in the electorate

Front 75

Values or deeply held beliefs that inspire individuals to join a public interest group are known as what?

Back 75

Expressive benefits