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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Political Ideology
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A cohesive set of beliefs that forms a general philosophy about the role of government.
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Political Socialization
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Process in which individuals acquire their political beliefs and values.
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Liberal
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A political ideology where equality is it's core value.
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Public Opinion
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Citizens attitudes about political issues, leaders, institutions and events.
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Family Social Groups Education Political Conditions |
Agencies of socialization
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Measurement Error
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Polling error that is associated with ambiguous or poorly worded questions.
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Political Knowledge Personal benefits Leaders |
How we form political opinions.
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Liberty
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Core value of the conservative ideology.
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Values
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Basic principles that shape a person's opinions about political issues and events.
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Sound Bites
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Short snippets of information aimed at dramatizing a story rather than explaining its substantive meaning.
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Priming
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Process of preparing the public to take a particular view of an event or political actor.
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Airways: Public Property
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The reason why the federal government can regulate television and radio.
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Agenda Setting
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The power of the media to bring public attention to particular issues and problems.
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Fairness Doctrine
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Enforcment ceased in 1985 and required broadcasters who air programs on controversial issues to provide time for opposing views.
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Framing
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The power of the media to influence how events and issues are interpreted
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Radio
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Fairness Doctrine applies to this media.
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Print Media: 1st Amendment
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The reason why print media is virtually exempt from federal regulation.
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10 year Census
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This triggers apportionment
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House Rules Committee
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The most powerful committee in the House. It Decides agenda and makes determination on each bill.
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Conference
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A joint committee that is created to work out a compromise on house and senate versions of a piece of legislation.
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Cloture
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A rule to permit members to cut off filibusters
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House of Representatives : Impeachment
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The House of Congress that initiates an Impeachment
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When a new President is in office.
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Expiration of an Executive Agreement.
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Private Bill
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A Bill designed to provide a specific person with some kind of relief.
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Sign Veto (overide 2/3) Congress in session Congress not in session - Pocket Veto |
4 Options a president has when a bill is forwarded to him/her.
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PORK
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Appropriations made by congress for local projects that are often not needed.
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Vice President
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The president of the Senate
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President Pro Tempore
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Takes over for the president of the Senate when he/she is absent.
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President
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Heads the governmental bureaucracy.
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Civil Service Act
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Ensures appointees are qualified for the position.
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Implementation Enforcement |
2 Purposes of our governmental bureaucracy
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Postal Service TVA Farmer Mac FDIC AMTRAK Fammie Mae Freddie Mac
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Examples of a government corporation.
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Fiscal Policy
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Policy that attempts to manipulate the economy by use of taxing, monetary, and spending.
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Monetary Policy
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Policy that the federal reserve system utilizes.
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Increase Competition
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Purpose of deregulation
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Privatization
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Policy that removes all or part of a program from the public sector to the private sector.
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Treasury IRS U.S. Customs Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacoo, Firearms and Explosives. |
Examples of a revenue agency.
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Departments
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How the executive branch is organized.
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Civil Service Political Appointees |
2 types of bureaucrats.
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Legislation Oversight (Committee system & Hearings) Power of the purse |
Ways that congress holds the bureaucracy accountable.
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Sales Tax Flat Tax |
Examples of regressive tax.
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Income Tax
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Example of progressive tax.
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Taxing Monetary Spending |
Examples of fiscal policies.
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Debt interest SS Medicare Unemployment Fed. Employee Retirement |
Examples of uncontrollables (in relationship to the budget)
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Continuing Resolution
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Funds the government if no budget is passed
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Education Foreign Aid Transporation Medical research Environmental |
Examples of Discretionary Spending
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Keynesian
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Economic policy that argues the government can stimulate the economy by increasing public spending or by cutting taxes.
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National Debt
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Result in the government spending more than it's revenue in a fiscal year.
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Increase or Decrease money supply increase or decrease interest rates |
Tools used by the goverment to control the economy via monetary policy.
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Federal Reserve Board
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Federal Board that uses monetary policy in an attempt to control the economy.
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Public Goods
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Goods or services that are provided by the government because they are either not supplied by the market or not supplied by insufficient quantitites.
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Social Security Medicare |
Examples of contributory programs.
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Entitlement
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A legal obligation of the Federal Government to provide payments to individual/Families according to eligibility criteria or benefit rules.
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Noncontributory Programs
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Social programs that provide assistance based on need rather than any contributions made
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Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC)
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Federal Tax Program that allows people making less than $50,00 to file for an income supplement up to $5,460.
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To rent in private market
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What section 8 vouchers are used for.
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TANF
Medicaid SNAP In-Kind |
Examples of means tested programs.
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In-Kind
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Benefits that provide non-cash goods and services to the needy.
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Medicare
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Program that provides health insurance for the elderly and disabled.
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Means Testing
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A procedure that beneficiaries must establish before they can obtain assistance.
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Payroll Tax 6.2%
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How American people pay for Social Security.
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Incumbency
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Holding a political office for which one is running.
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Apportionment
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The process, occurring after every decennial census, that allocates congressional seats among the 50 states. Congress is responsible for this action.
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Redistricting
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The process of redrawing election districts and redistributing legislative representatives. This happens every 10 years to reflect shifts in population or in response to legal challenges to existing districts. State legislatures are responsible for this action. The Governor approves it.
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Gerrymandering
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The apportionment of voters in districts in such a way as to give unfair advantage to one racial or ethnic group or political party.
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Markup
Closed Rule/Open Rule Filibuster/Cloture Conference Committee |
How a Bill becomes a law.
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Merit System
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Appointees to positions in public bureaucracies must objectively be deemed qualified for those positions.
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Erie Canal
TVA Interstate Highway System |
Examples of Public Goods
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Devolution
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Policy of removing a program from one level of government by delegating it or passing it down to a lower level.
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Laissez-Faire Capitalism
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An economic system in which the means of production and distribution are privately owned and operated for profit with minimal or no government interference.
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Monetarists
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Contend that the role of government in the economy should be limited to regulating the supply of money.
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Supply-Side Economics
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States that reducing the marginal rate of taxation will create a productive economy by promoting levels of work and investment that would otherwise be discouraged by higher taxes.
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President Clinton Welfare Reform (PRWORA)
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Contract with America
Provided block grants to states. States would administer their own cash assistance programs. Restricted most legal immigrants from benefits. Aim; Promote work; Reduce out-of-wedlock births. |
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Increased Earned Income Tax Credit
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Program to allow working parents whose annual income falls below $49,078 to file an income tax return for an income supplement up to $5,751.
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435
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The fixed number of membership to the House of Representatives.
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1
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Minimum number of representatives per state.
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Sociological Representation
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Representatives have the same racial, gender, religious or educational background as their constituents. Principle: Same background can easier represent their constituents views.
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Agency Representation
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Representative is held accountable to their constituency. Incentive to represent views of constituency even if from a different background.
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Patronage
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Partisan appointments to offices and to confer grants, licenses, or special favors to supporters.
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Public Opinion Polls
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Scientific instruments for measuring public opinion.
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Probability Sampling
Stratified Sampling Push Polls Tracking Exit |
Types of Polls
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Public Policy
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A law, rule, statute, or edict that expresses the government's goals and provides rewards and punishment to promote attainment of these goals.
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