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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define Menopause |
1 year after cessation of menstruation |
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What other terminology pertains to menopause? |
Perimenopause –menopausal transition and usually indicated by variation in menses andelevation FSH
Climacterium –synonym for perimenopause Postmenopause Premature menopause -<40yrs (2SD) |
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Which factors increase risk of early menopause? |
Smoking
Familial Nulliparity Epilepsy Diseases such as childhood cancer |
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Which factors are associated with a later onset of menopause? |
Obesity
Multiparity Highercognitive scores in adolescents |
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What factors have no effect on the onset of menopause? |
Oral Contraceptives
Socioeconomicstatus Maritalstatus Race Ageat menarche |
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What is the physiology of menopause? |
Mensescoincides with beginning of follicular phase
E2produced by developing follicle InhibinA and B important for feedback but also E2 Bornwith 1-2 million egg cells Mostdegenerate and only about 500 will ovulate Afterage 37 decline in egg cells accellerate Asfollicles decline, inhibin B falls and FSH rises to recruit more follicles Thishigher number of recruited follicles lead to bloating, irritability, mastalgia,menorrhagia Eventuallyonly resistant follicles are left and cycle irregularity develops - alsobecause of poor progesterone production |
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How do hormonal levels change post-menopause? |
FSHand LH rises
E2levels drop Testosteronestill produced |
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What are the symptoms of menopause? |
Declinein fertility
Irregularuterine bleeding Hotflushes – 85% - skin temperature rises and core temperature drops Sleepdisturbances – insomnia and flushing Urogenitalchanges – vagina Urinary – OAB type symptoms and more UTI’s CNS – headaches, mood swings Depressionand anxiety – more in women with previous history Cognition Libido Skeletal – bone decalcification and fracture risk CVS – MI risk increases significantly at menopause Weightgain – 2kg – redistribution of body fat Palpitations – low E2 slow the rate of ventricular repolarization Jointpain Skin – acne during perimenopause, hair growth, 30% skin collagen lost 1st 5 years after menopause Eyes – dry, itchy and more cataracts Hair – less hair Dental – osteoporosis and collagen loss |
