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21 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What reactions need ATP?
(1) glucose --> glucose-6-P
(2) fructose-6-P --> fructose- 1,6-bisphosphate
What reactions produce ATP?
(1) 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
--> 3-phosphoglycerate
(2) phospoenolpyruvate --> pyruvate
What reaction require NAD+?
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
--> 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
What are the two possible metabolic fates of pyruvate?
(1) Produce ethanol
(2) Produce lactate
What is the committed step of glycolysis?
The formation of fructose-1,6- bisphosphate.
What are the metabolic effects of not being able to produce the M subunit of phosphofructokinase?
Glycolysis will carry on in the liver but patients would experience muscle weakness.
How does ATP act as an allosteric effector in the mode of action of phosphofructokinase?
High levels of ATP depress the rate of the reaction, and low levels of ATP stimulate the reaction.
At what point in glycolysis are all the reactions considered doubled?
After aldolase splits fructose-1,6-bisphospate into dihydroxyacetone p and glyceraldehyde-3-P.
What enzymes are NADH-linked dehydrogenases?
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
What is a substrate level phosphorylation?
A rxn in which the source of phosphorous is inorganic phosphate ion, not ATP.
What rxns are the control points in glycolysis?
Reactants catalyzed by:
(1) hexokinase
(2) Phosphofructokinase
(3) Pyruvate kinase
What is a negative regulator of hexokinase?
Glucose-6-p
What is a negative regulator of phosphofructokinase?
(1) ATP
(2) citrate
(3) phosphoenolypyruvate
What is a positive regulator of phosphofructokinase?
(1) AMP
(2) fructose-2,6-bisphospate
What is a negative regulator of pyruvate kinase?
(1) ATP
(2) acetyl CoA
(3) alanine
What is a positive regulator of pyruvate kinase?
(1) fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
(2) AMP
Which part of glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase would be the most conserved between other enzymes?
The binding site.
What rxn type is catalyzed by a kinase?
A phosphate-tranfer enzyme with ATP as the usual source of phosphate.
What rxn type is catalyzed by a isomerase?
Changing the form of the molecule.
What rxn type is catalyzed by a aldolase?
Performing an aldl cleavge of a sugar to yield two smaller sugars or sugar derivatives.
What rxn type is catalyzed by a dehydrogenase?
Changing the oxidation state of a substrate by removing hydrogens while simultaneously changing the oxidation state of a coenzyme (NADH, FAD, etc.)