Glycolysis

Front 1

what are the roles of kinaseS?

Back 1

they either phosphorylate or dephosphorylate

Front 2

What are the roles of dehydrogenases?

Back 2

They reduce nucleotides

Front 3

What enzyme regulates Glycolysis?

Back 3

PhosphoFructoKinase (PFK)

Front 4

Is the actions of hexokinase reversible or irreversible?

Back 4

Irreversible

Front 5

What are the starting materials of Glycolysis?

Back 5

Glucose
NAD+
ADP
ATP

Front 6

What are the Net Products of glycolysis?

Back 6

2 Pyruvate
2 ATP
2NADH

Front 7

Where does glycolysis take place?

Back 7

Cytosol

Front 8

Does Glycolysis occur in the fed or Fasted state?

Back 8

Fed State

Front 9

What cells undergo glycolysis in the FASTED state?

Back 9

RBC
Brain Cells

Front 10

What is the first activating reaction of glycolysis?

Back 10

Glucose to Glucose-6-Phosphate

Front 11

What enzyme catalyzes the first reaction of glycolysis (glucose to Glucose-6-P)? what if its in the liver?

Back 11

Hexokinase
Glucokinase in liver

Front 12

Is the first reaction of glycolysis reversible or irreversible? Does thsi change if it occurs in the liver?

Back 12

First rxn is IRRerversible
If its in the liver than it is REVersible

Front 13

what is Glucokinase?

Back 13

This is the enzyme that occurs in the liver during the 1st step of glycolysis.
- Processes excess glucose for storage as glycogen or conversion to triglyceride

Front 14

Does Hexokinase of Glucokinase have the larger Km value?

Back 14

Glucokinase

Front 15

what is PFK?

Back 15

This is the rate limiting step of glycolysis.
It is also the regulating enzyme of the pathway
-uses ATP to phos F6P to F1,6bisP

Front 16

what is the process of the PFK allosteric feed-forward mechanism?

Back 16

An unsually large increase in rate in response to sm change in the frcutose concentration
- Produces a sigmoidal curve.

Front 17

What is PFK feedback regulation?

Back 17

PFK is alloserically controlled to repsond to carying energy needs

Front 18

How is PFK allosterically feed-back activated?

Back 18

AMP levels in the body. Increased AMP levels activates PFK

Front 19

How is PFK allosterically feedback inhibited?

Back 19

ATP. Increased ATP levels signal decreased energy demand

Front 20

What reduces NAD+ to NADH in glycolysis?

Back 20

Glyceraldehyde 3 Phosphate dehydrogenase does this

Front 21

What are the two enzymes in glycolysis that catalyze ATP production?

Back 21

Phosphoglycerate kinase
Pyruvate kinase

** they're irreversible!!!

Front 22

What is Glycolysis mainly irreversible?

Back 22

This pathway, overall has a large NEGATIVE Delta G

Front 23

What enzyme converts pyruvate to Acetyl CoA?

Back 23

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase

Front 24

Pyruvate is further oxidized to what? is this reverisble?

Back 24

Acetyl CoA
This is IRReversible

Front 25

Where does Acetyl CoA go to?

Back 25

The TCA cycle where it is further oxidized

Front 26

What does Pyruvate Dehydrogenase do?

Back 26

Converts Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA

Front 27

Is Pyruvate dehydrogenase active in most cells in the fed or fasted state?

Back 27

Fed State

Front 28

Is Pyruvate Dehydrogenase a cytsosolic of mitochondrial enzyme?

Back 28

MITOchondrial

Front 29

How is PDH regulated?

Back 29

All PDH substrate activators allosterically INHIBIT the enzyme that inativates PDH

ALL PDH product inhibitors allosterically activate this kinase

Front 30

What are PDH's substrates?

Back 30

Pyruvate and Acetyl CoA (they are feed-fwd activators)

Front 31

What is PDH's Product?

Back 31

Acetyl CoA (feed back inhibitor)

Front 32

Whatd o high levels of Acetyl CoA indicate?

Back 32

Hight Beta Oxidation of low TCA cycle activity

Front 33

What cell types are normally completely ANaerobic?

Back 33

RBC

Front 34

What is the export Product of AnAerobic catabolism?

Back 34

LACTATE