Glossary - Properties Of Hair And Scalp

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abnormal hair loss

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alopecia

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sudden falling out of hair in round patches or baldness in spots; may occur on scalp and elsewhere

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alopecia areata

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units of structure in protein

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amino acids

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growth phase in hair cycle in which new hair is synthesized

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anagen phase

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male pattern baldness; hair loss characterized by miniaturization of terminal hair, which is converted to vellus hair

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androgenic alopecia or androgenetic alopecia

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minute, involuntary muscle fibre in skin inserted in base of hair follicle

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arrector pili

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technical term for grey hair; result from loss of hair's natural melanin pigment

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canities

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inflammation of subcutaneous tissue caused by staphylococci; similar to furuncle but more extensive

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carbuncle

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brief transition period between growth and resting phases of hair follicle

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catagen phase

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five elements that make up human hair

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COHNS elements (carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur)

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middle layer of hair; a fibrous protein core formed by elongated cells, containing melanin pigment

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cortex

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tuft of hair that stands straight up

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cowlick

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outermost layer of hair, consisting of a single, overlapping layer of transparent, scale-like cells

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cuticle

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small, cone-shaped elevation located at the base of hair follicle that fits into hair bulb

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dermal papilla

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chemical side bond that joins sulphur atoms of two neighbouring cysteine amino acids to create cystine

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disulfide bond

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melanin that gives brown and black colour to hair

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eumelanin

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tube-like depression or pocket in skin or scalp containing hair root

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follicle

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technical term for brittle hair

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fragilitas crinium

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boil; acute, localized bacterial infection of hair follicle

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furuncle

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lowest area or part of a hair strand; thickened, club-shaped structure that form the lower part of the hair root

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hair bulb

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number of individual hair strands on one square inch of scalp

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hair density

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ability of hair to stretch and return to original length without breaking

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hair elasticity

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ability of hair to absorb moisture

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hair porosity

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part of hair contained within follicle, below surface of scalp

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hair root

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portion of hair that projects beyond skin

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hair shaft

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hair flowing in same direction; result of follicles sloping in same direction

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hair stream

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thickness or diameter of individual hair strand

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hair texture

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physical side bond, easily broken by water or heat

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hydrogen bond

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condition of abnormal growth of hair, characterized by growth of terminal hair in areas of body that normally grow only vellus hair

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hypertrichosis

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process of being keratinized; newly formed cells in hair mature, fill up with keratin, move upward, lose their nucleus, and die; hair shaft is a nonliving fibre composed of keratinized protein

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keratinization

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reclassified term for fungus originally named pityrosporum

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malassezia

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innermost layer of hair, sometimes referred to as the pith; compose of round cells; often absent in fine hair

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medulla

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tiny grains of pigment in cortex giving natural colour to hair

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melanin

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technical term for beaded hair

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monilethrix

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infestation of hair and scalp with head lice

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pediculosis capitis

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chemical bond joining amino acids to each other

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peptide bond or end bond

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melanin that provides natural hair colours from red and ginger and yellow/blonde tones

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pheomelanin

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dandruff; an inflammation of the skin characterized by formulation and flaking of fine, thin scales

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pityriasis

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technical term for scalp inflammation marked by dry dandruff, thin scales, and an itchy scalp

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pityriasis capitis simplex

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scalp inflammation marked by fatty (greasy or waxy) types of dandruff

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pityriasis steatoides

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long chain of amino acids liked by peptide bonds

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polypeptide chain

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temporary hair loss experienced at the conclusion of pregnancy

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postpartum alopecia

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variety of canities, characterized by alternating bands of gray and pigmented hair throughout the length of hair strand

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ringed hair

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physical side bond that is broken by changes in pH

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salt bond

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dry, sulfur-yellow, cup-like crusts on the scalp in tinea favosa or favus

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scutula

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oil glands of skin, connected to hair follicles

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sebaceous glands

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fatty or oily secretion of sebaceous glands, which lubricates hair and skin

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sebum

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resting phase; final phase in hair cycle that lasts until fully grown hair is shed

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telogen

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long, soft hair found on scalp, also on legs, arms, and body

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terminal hair

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medical term for ringworm; contagious condition caused by vegetable parasites

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tinea

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ringworm of the scalp

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tinea capitis

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ringworm characterized by dry, sulfur-yellow, cup-like crusts on scalp, called scutula

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tinea favosa, tinea favus, or honeycomb ringworm

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science dealing with hair, its diseases, and care

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trichology

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technical term for split ends

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trichoptilosis

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knotted hair, characterized by brittleness and the formation of nodular swellings along hair shaft

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trichorrhexis nodosa

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short, fine, downy hair that appears on body, with exception of palms of hands and soles of feet

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vellus or lanugo

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amount of movement in hair strand; described as straight, wavy, curly, and extremely curly

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wave pattern

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hair that forms in circular pattern, as on crown

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whorl