Global Politics Midterm

Front 1

State

Back 1

State is a territory controlled by an independent govt

Front 2

IGO

Back 2

Int'l govt organization Ex: United Nations, NATO, EU

Front 3

NGO

Back 3

Non-governmental Organizations

Ex: Red Cross, Green Peace, Roman Catholic Church

Front 4

MNC

Back 4

Multinational corporations

Ex: Walmart, Mcdonalds, BMW

Front 5

Nation State

Back 5

It means the kind of state organized by a single nation; seen as the standard form of states in today's global politics

Ex: USA-yes, Canada- no, Britain-no, France-yes, Germany-yes, Japan-yes,China-no

Front 6

Multi-national State

Back 6

Instability; Multiple nations exisit within a single state

Ex: Canada, Britain, China

Front 7

Multi-State Nation

Back 7

A nation is divided and forms multiple states

Ex: Korea, Germany, Vietnam, Palestine (Islam and Jordan)

Front 8

Stateless Nation

Back 8

A nation is divided and lives as the minority in other people's states

Ex: Kurds

Front 9

Totalitarianism

Back 9

Govt controls all aspects of people's life (social, political, economic); sees maximum oppression of people's freedom; historical examples: Naxi Germany, Soviet Union; Today's Example: North Korea

Front 10

Authoritarianism

Back 10

the govt restricts only the people's political rights and freedom; an authoritarian govt is "softer" than a totalitarian govt; Ex: Theocracy, monarchy, military dictatorship, bureaucratic authoritarianism

Front 11

Uni-Polar System

Back 11

the world dominated by one power center

Ex: Roman Empire & today's USA after the cold war

Front 12

Bi-polar System

Back 12

The world divided into 2 power centers as in cold war

Ex: Cold War

Front 13

Multi-Polar System

Back 13

The world divided into the many power centers; 4 or more; 19th C Europe; 6 European powers

Front 14

Absolutist State

Back 14

A state with absolute power invested 1 or more rulers

Front 15

Scramble for Africa

Back 15

European countries trying to colonize the smaller African countries in order to expand

Front 16

Spanish-American Civil War

Back 16

As a result of this, the US colonized Cuba, Puerto Rico, Philippines and Guam

Front 17

German Unification

Back 17

In 1871 under Otto Von Bismark

Front 18

Long Peace

Back 18

From 1815-1914, there was no major war among major European states; had 2 characteristics: multi-polar system and practice of balance of power policy

Front 19

Britain's Splendid Isolation

Back 19

Britain played the key role; it worked as a balancer by altering its side flexibility; Policy of no permanent ally

Front 20

Monroe Doctrine

Back 20

The 1823 US proclamation to keep Europe out of the Western Hemisphere

Front 21

World War I

Back 21

This is where the long peace ended; ww1 started in 1914; European powers were divided into 2 camps: Triple Alliance- Germany, Austria (Italy)

Triple Entente: Britain, France, Russia)

Front 22

German Problem

Back 22

In late 19th C, Germany's power considerably grew thanks to national unification and industrial evolution; Triple Entente: Anti Germany Coalition

Front 23

Eastern Question

Back 23

In the Balkan peninsula, the Ottoman Empire (Turkey) declined, with local ethnic groups demanding political independence; European powers disagreed as to how to fill this political vacuum

Front 24

Russian Revolution

Back 24

WWI broke down the Russian Empire; The USSR was established as the first socialist state under the leadership of the Bolsheviks (communist party)

Front 25

Versailles Conference

Back 25

In 1919 the winner states held a conference to reconstruct int'l order; US president Woodrow Wilson's leadership; Agreed on the Treaty of Versailles, which applied a harsh punishment to Germany (loss of territories and countries, indemnity)

Front 26

League of Nations

Back 26

1920; turned out ineffective partly bc of the US's absence

Front 27

National Self Determination

Back 27

Eastern Europe; Dissolution of the Australia Empire

Front 28

Wilsonianism

Back 28

Wilson's global visions continue to inform American foreign policy making in various ways until today and are often summarized as wilsonianism

Front 29

WWII

Back 29

WW2 was fought b/w axis powers and allied powers in Europe (from 1939) and Asia (from 1941)

Axis Powers: Anti-status quo, Germany, Italy, and Japan

Allie Powers: Prop-status quo, US, Britain, France, USSR and China

Front 30

Adolf Hitler

Back 30

1933: formation of the Nazi's Party's govt w Adolf Hitler as its chancellor (prime minister)

Front 31

Benito Mussolini

Back 31

Italy; Fascist party

Front 32

Munich Conference

Back 32

Germany (Hitler) demanded the annexation of a part of Czehoslovakia; Britain and France gave in; After the war, many criticized this compromise as having fueled Hitler's ambitions; The British and French strategy is called appeasement

Front 33

Meiji Restoration

Back 33

Happened in 1868; ending the traditional rule by Samurai (Shogun); Starting reform to westernize society

Front 34

Manchuria

Back 34

1931 Japan invaded Manchuria (northern part of China) and established a puppet state (Manchukoo); 1937, Japan entered a full-scale war w China; Nanjing Massacre

Front 35

Tripartite Pact

Back 35

Germany, Italy, and Japan; Japan's domination of all of Asia became a real possibility because of this

Front 36

Hiroshima & Nagasaki

Back 36

The US dropped nuclear weapons onto these 2 cities in Japan in 1945 during the final stage of WW2

Front 37

Four Policeman

Back 37

Roosevelt's proposal

Front 38

United Nations

Back 38

Established in October 1945

Front 39

Joseph Stalin

Back 39

Leader of the Soviet Union

Front 40

Truman Doctrine

Back 40

The 1947 presidential call to aid countries under Communist threat

Front 41

Marshall Plan

Back 41

1947 call for massive US aid to war torn Europe

Front 42

Mao Zedong

Back 42

leader of the chinese communist party

Front 43

Kim il-SUng

Back 43

led North Korea and was backed by the Soviet Union

Front 44

Korean War

Back 44

After WW2 it was divided into the 38th parallel, South Korea and North Korea; in June 1950, North Korea invaded South Korea for national unification; the US and People's Republic of China entered the war, the armistice was signed in 1953, but no peace treaty has been agreed

Front 45

NATO

Back 45

demonstrates how alliances rise and fall with security threats; global system of alliances

Front 46

Warsaw Pact

Back 46

Soviet Union's alliance

Front 47

Cuban Missile Crisis

Back 47

Fidel Castro led the Cuban communist revolution in 1959; Assitance from the soviet union; After finding a missile base under construction in Cuba, President Kennedy ordered the US Navy to blockade all maritime transportations to Cuba

Front 48

Ho Chi Minh

Back 48

Leader of Vietnam; Communist Vietnamese anti French liberation movement in the 1940s and 50s

Front 49

Vietnam War

Back 49

Look at handout

Front 50

Detente

Back 50

Lowering of int'l tension; in this time period, at the initiative of Richard Nixon and Henry Kissinger, the US tried out cooperative approach to the Soviet Union

Front 51

SALT

Back 51

Strategic Arms Limitation Talk treaty; Purpose to cap # of nuclear weapons

Front 52

Sino-US Reconciliation

Back 52

The US and Soviet Union agreed on nuclear arms control for the first time; SALT 1 (strategic arms limitation talk treaty); the US and People's Republic of China completed diplomatic reconciliation; Until the, US had no diplomatic relation w PRC bc of the Korean War; President Nixon's visit of Beijing in 1972

Front 53

US National Security Council

Back 53

Colin Powell (1987-89, Reagan); Condoleeza Rice (2001-05, Bush), Susan Rice (2013-now)

Front 54

Perestroika

Back 54

In 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev became the new leader and started a major economic and social reform program

Front 55

End of History

Back 55

Francis Fukuyama argues that with the collapse of communism, the model of Western liberalism (liberal democracy and market economy) has triumphed, making the world more peaceful

Front 56

Clash of Civilizations

Back 56

Samuel Huntington argues that we will see intensifying conflicts b/w different civilizations (cultures); Today's world contains 8 major civilizations: Western Europe & US, Confucian (China), Japanese, Islamic, Hindu (India), Slavic-Orthodox, Latin America, African: 2 serious conflicts: West vs. Islam & West vs. Confucianism

Front 57

New World Order

Back 57

George H.W. Bush's foreign policy vision; Key components: commitment to the Us's leadership in global politics & proposal of strengthening the UN

Front 58

Bush Doctrine

Back 58

George W. Bush's foreign policy vision; Key components: focus on terrorism, unilateralism, preemptive attack, "Axis of Evil", influence of neo-conservative; neo-conservatism claims that the US should use military forces proactively to promote democracy in the developing world; assumption: democracy is a key source of global peace