Global Politics Exam 1

Front 1

J David Singer's Levels of Analysis

Back 1

Individual, societal, systemic

Front 2

Individual levels of analyzing

Back 2

The leader and his associates are responsible for the way things work. Example: Invasion of Kuwait. Sudam Husain organized the invasion.

Front 3

Societal level of analyzing

Back 3

Something in society is so powerful that it causes a leader to act. Example: 2008 mortgage crisis following the housing bubble popping.

Front 4

Systemic level of analyzing

Back 4

International system creates a world where a certain foreign policy must be pursued regardless of the society or its leader.

Front 5

Human Nature

Back 5

Inherent characteristics possessed by all people that motivate them to act like they do. Example: Locke v. Hobbes, Locke thought people are inherently good (live and let live, no need for govt.), and Hobbes thought of people as inherently bad (need government to regulate people for stability). Main Point: Human Nature is worthless because we truly don't know what it is and it would be the same for everyone.

Front 6

Abnormal Personality/Analysis

Back 6

Insanity or mental illness. Example: Stalin due to his paranoia and murderous purges. Led to thoughts process that it would be beneficial to study these personalities in order to handle it in the future. CIA used APA to classify many world leaders (ie Castro,Husain)

Front 7

Problems with Abnormal Personality Analysis

Back 7

Analyzing from a distance is difficult, because of this the subject can hide thoughts, emotions, or feelings. Also speeches are generally scripted and may not be the leaders words.

Front 8

Normal Personalities/Analysis

Back 8

Your everyday person. Everyday differences arise between people (ie Dem. vs. Rep.) but doesn't mean their abnormal.

Front 9

James David Barber

Back 9

Wrote presidential character, and laid out the idea of characterizing the president in one of 4 categories based on activity and effect.

Front 10

Active Positive-James David Barber

Back 10

Hard worker who enjoys what their doing. Often will approach a problem from different angles. Pres. Examples: FDR

Front 11

Active Negative-James David Barber

Back 11

Hard worker, but doesnt necessarily enjoy their job. Tend to fixate on one solution to problems. Pres. Examples: Tricky Dick

Front 12

Passive Positive-James David Barber

Back 12

Low work rate but enjoys what their doing. Pres. Examples: Reagan

Front 13

Passive Negative-James David Barber

Back 13

Low work rate and doesn't enjoy their work. Pres. Examples: Warren G. Harding.

Front 14

Problems with James David Barber's Study of normal personalities.

Back 14

Groups people into extremes with no room for details. Politicians dont often write their own speeches (and they lie).

Front 15

Country Level of Analysis

Back 15

The behavior in the international system is a result of interactions at the country level. Example: The US will always be an world power regardless of leader or society, whereas Honduras will not be a world power because their small and they suck.

Front 16

Five Schemes of Country Levels of Analysis

Back 16

1.) Great Power Scheme 2.) Level of Development 3.) Revolution 4.)Status Quo vs. Revisionist Scheme 5.) Democracy Scheme

Front 17

Great Power Scheme

Back 17

Built around the idea that the major powers in the world greatly affect the international system. Historically Europe has been in charge, but recently US, Japan, & China have stepped up. International system is a result of the struggle between great powers to imperialize and control natural resources to gain power. Bipolar system doesnt matter as opposed to a multi-power system (US v. Russia). Leads to a country needing more resources or land (ie England).

Front 18

Problems with the Great Power Scheme

Back 18

Not relevant today, MP's dont invade each other these days, and countries are well equipped to defend themselves. Only focuses on certain countries, excludes smaller countries.

Front 19

Level of Development Scheme

Back 19

Popular after WWII when number of countries in world increased greatly. Focuses on developing countries and their economic problems

Front 20

Old Economic Order-Development Scheme

Back 20

Leaders meet after WWII to create IMF, World Bank, and GATT.

Front 21

IMF/Problems

Back 21

International Monetary Fund, created to promote international commerce and to stop fighting. 2 Tasks: establish an exchange rate system, and loaning money to countries with int. debt so they dont default and hurt the system. Problems: Developing countries dont like it because it forces them to change economic and political policies in order to receive loans.

Front 22

World Bank/Problems

Back 22

Made to help reconstruct after WWII and help developing countries. Today used more for natural disasters and development in poor countries. Problems: No problems.

Front 23

GATT/Problems

Back 23

General Agreement on Trades and Tariffs. Its a contract to ensure countries are fair with each other when trading internationally. Problems: Regulates trade on poor countries, making it harder for them to sell goods in richer countries.

Front 24

Level of Development Problems

Back 24

Focus is mainly on economic issues at an international level, leaving out politics, military issues, human rights, etc. Focuses only on developing countries. Mainly blacks.

Front 25

Revolution Scheme

Back 25

Can be disruptive on an international level. A large part of society decides that the government is no longer viable so the only solution is a complete overhaul of the system (ie Tunisia, Egypt )

Front 26

Revolution Scheme-3 ways to eliminate opposition.

Back 26

1.) Reeducation, often in prisons. [Example: Communist revolution in Russia.] 2.)Exile your enemies [Example: Castro in Cuba] 3.) Killing your enemies [Example: Africa]

Front 27

Different Types of Revolts

Back 27

Colonial Revolt: People in a colony of another power want independence, so they revolt against the imperial nation. Example: USA! v. those gay brits. (not a revolution because leaders in power stay in power, just overthrow foreign influence)
Coup D'etat: One portion of the elite overthrowing the other. Example: Military overthrowing the government. Salvidor Allende in Chile, for example. (No change in society, just an overthrow of the leaders)

Front 28

Post-Revolution Policies

Back 28

Revolutionaries feel the need to protect their goddamn necks (ie killing their enemies). Try to export the revolution and get other countries to follow or become allies which never works.

Front 29

Status Quo vs. Revisionist Scheme

Back 29

Sees no need for change on a world level, whereas revisionist see a need for change (not domestic in nature).

Front 30

Revisionist Reasons for Change

Back 30

1.) Territory [most likely to lead to violence] 2.) Status [Prestige] 3.) Ideology 4.) Issues

Front 31

Territory Based Revisionism

Back 31

Broken down into three main categories: Imperialism, Lost Territory, National Self Determination.

Front 32

Imperialism Revisionism

Back 32

Built on an idea that one thinks their society needs new natural resources that comes with new land and that the only way to get it is to seize it. (ie Hitler wanted to gain control of the natural resources he believed were in Russia. Thought it could be a good food producing area for Germany.)

Front 33

Lost Territory Revisionism

Back 33

Nation loses land through various means, and want it back. (ie. Germany took northeastern corner of France. They took what is rightfully ours and we want it back!)

Front 34

National Self Determination Revisionism

Back 34

The principal that any people that feel that they are different from everyone else, and they want independence, they have the right to independence. (ie. Chechnyans think they are and individual people, but the land belongs to Russia.)

Front 35

Status Based Revisionism: 5 Ways

Back 35

Stems from different needs for regaining on international respect: Colonial, Military, Nuclear Capability, Warfare, and Economic Dominance.

Front 36

Colonial Status Based Revisionism

Back 36

Britain was a world power due to its imperialism, and France wanted in on the action. Or the Italians who wanted to recreate the roman empire by taking parts of E. Europe and Africa.

Front 37

Military Status Based Revisionism

Back 37

Battleships, historically. Moved on to nuclear status based revisionism. Not very relevant anymore because issues now mainly stem from economic problems.

Front 38

Nuclear Capability Status Based Revisionism

Back 38

Iran uses nuclear development as a way to level themselves with other world powers.

Front 39

Warfare Status Based Revisionism

Back 39

Sometimes accidental, sometimes not. Accidental: Spanish American War. Not Accidental: Egypt wanting respect from Isreal, so engaged them to get their attention.

Front 40

Economic Dominance Status Based Revisionism

Back 40

US: Post WWII American dominance was due largely to the fact that we had the worlds largest economy at 40% of everything produced in the US.

Front 41

Ideology Revisionism

Back 41

Marxism. Marxist wanted a global communist community, and technically couldn't be achieved unless entire world was on board.

Front 42

Issue Based Revisionism

Back 42

Japanese manufacturers wouldn't buy American goods in order to increase the amount of Japanese products Japanese citizens bought. Dumping: Japanese manufacturers would lower prices of goods sold in US to make them buy over higher priced American goods.

Front 43

Democracy Scheme

Back 43

A system of government in which the people who are being ruled, make the rules of how they will be governed.

Front 44

Needs in a Democratic System

Back 44

1.]Universal sufferage, 2.]need of opposition (hand in hand with free press), 3.] regular scheduled system of voting, 4.] accountability (If the people don’t like what’s going on, they have an opportunity to vote against those pushing that policy).

Front 45

Foreign Policy in a Democratic System: Fitness

Back 45

Whether the people in a democratic society know enough about global affairs to be able to make intelligent decisions about what foreign policy should be. Two sides: Some say elites should make decision since they are the best informed/qualified, whereas some say people pay for govt. so they should have a say. Example: Vietnam was very much an elitist foreign polity war though there is no real geo-political importance.

Front 46

Types of Public in a Democratic System

Back 46

Mass public, attentive public, and issue public.

Front 47

Mass Public in a Democratic System

Back 47

80% of people, pay little attention to politics and dont participate in any manner. The working class and lower classes.

Front 48

Attentive Public in a Democratic System

Back 48

Egimicated and informed. Pay attention to politics and participate. Usually follow the news. (10% of population)

Front 49

Issue Public in a Democratic System

Back 49

Focus on certain issues in political realm (ie abortion, gay marriage, health care). Can be informed or ill informed, but are fixated on an issue. (10% of population)

Front 50

Foreign Policy in a Democratic System: Warfare

Back 50

Advocates of democracy argue that democracy leads to less war and conflict. Jack Levy did research and found that no prior democracies historically have engaged in war against each other. Argument is that if all countries were democratic, there would be no war.

Front 51

Foreign Policy in a Democratic System: Deficiencies

Back 51

Patience: People in democracies become impatient easily and expect fast solutions. People will allow time to pass if there is DANGER or RESOURCE COMMITMENT. (WWII, pearl harbor) (opposite would be Vietnam).
Secrecy: Problem is we have a free press that is trying to uncover government secrets (ie. D-Day invasion duped the Germans as well as the US public). Doesn't happen in non-democratic countries because there is no free press