Global City

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is also known as world city, alpha city or world center.

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global city

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refers to the largely created, facilitated, and enacted strategic geographic areas based on the significance of the global system of finance and trade. The existence of a global city has a direct and tangible effects on the international1 affairs through socio-economic measures.

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globalization

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Originally the term was _______ , which was later changed to a global city

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megacity

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Originally the term was megacity, which was later changed to a global city by the noted sociologist ______ in her 1991 work entitled- ________

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Saskia Sassen

The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo.

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was the one who coined the term world city in 1915. Subsequently the term has meant the city's influence and financial capital with the other factors considered less significant.

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Patrick Geddes

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is the center of the different globalizing forces where there exist population concentration and mixing. The intertwine flows of people, capital, and ideas are lived and experienced by the people in a global city.

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Global city

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The consequence of this mobility in cultural diversity, which is considered as a “________".

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cosmopolitan feel

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Consequently, there is a

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cosmopolitan consumption, cosmopolitan work culture,

global networking,

and glocal transnational community relations.

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is best described as larger diverse cities that attract people, material, and cultural products worldwide.

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Cosmopolitanism

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discussed that cosmopolitanism is concomitant with the capitalist context, which focuses mainly on consumption and highly influenced by commercial culture, retail, and shopping. These are also shaped by cross-cultural variety of food, fashion, entertainment, and other artifacts.

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Zuikin 1998

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metropolitan area, also called______ , a major city together with its suburbs and nearby cities, towns, and environs over which the major city exercises a commanding economic and social influence.

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Metropolis

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An important characteristic of a global city is the ________, which satisfy the cross-cultural curiosity of people.

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presence of a cosmopolitan variety of cultural products

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The_________ in all its richness and variety than a global city can offer requires time and money

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cosmopolitan consumption

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Saskia Sassen (1991) identified only three global cities namely

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New York, London, and Tokyo.

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are the command 'centers; the main nodes of triumphant global capitalism.

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global cities

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_______considered the cultural perspective of globalization and put New York, London, and Paris at the top of the _________ in terms of cultural innovations.

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Sharon Zukin

“urban cultural hierarchy”

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discussed that the focus of production in a global city is no longer primarily material. It seems that one of the conditions of the status of global city is to stop making things and switch to handling and shifting money and ideas. These global cities are undeniably postindustrial.

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Wu 2000

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_______was previously state- controlled socialist industrial powerhouse, which claimed its global city status when the chimneys started to be replaced by steel-and glass skyscrapers. The same is true with _________ through its efficient global transport infrastructure and growing Professional service sector (Baum,1999, p.1097)

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Shanghai

Singapore

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Consequently, global cities are no longer tagged as landscapes of production but rather as the ____________ (Zukin, 1998, p825). The abstract products like financial instruments, information, and culture have been growing in importance. This is best described as a symbolic or service economy with a cultural turn in the society.

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landscapes of consumption

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Only ___ percent of the New York residents composed the global cities at the start of the twentieth century, which later grew to ____ percent by the late 1980s.

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5%

30%

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_______ is referred to as the process of social class polarization and residential- segregation of the affluent from the poor. Zukin (1998:835) highlighted this situation as a _____

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Gentrification

“wedge between urban social classes.”

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CHARACTERISTICS OF A GLOBAL CITY

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1. It involves cultural diversity, cosmopolitanism, movement of people, capital, ideas, andcreativity, imagination and urban consciousness, and symbolic productivity.

2. There is creativity, fluidity, and productivity.

3. It is opposed to the methodological nationalism where the nation-states serve as acontainer, which are too static and bounded.

4. It is primarily economic- financial versus geopolitical- cultural and environmentalexperiences.

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GLOBAL CITY:

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HYPERMOBILITY, HOMOGENIZATION, AND DIFFERENTIATION