Global Business-Introduction To Business

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What are the some guidelines(kurallar) for improving cultural interaction ?

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! Be alert (uyanık) to the other person’s customs(gelenek görenek).
! Deal with the individual.
! Clarify (açıklamak) your intent (niyet) and meaning.
! Adapt your style to the other person’s.
! Show respect.

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Importing (ithalat)

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Buying goods or services from a supplier in another country.

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Exporting (ihracat)

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Selling products outside the country in which they are produced.

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International Licensing

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A licensing agreement entitles one firm to use some or all of another’s intellectual property (patents, trademarks, brand names, copyrights, or trade secrets) in return for (karşılığında) a fee(ücret).(Coca-Cola)

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International Franchising

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Is an agreement whereby(vasıtasıyla) someone with a good idea for a business sells the rights to use the business name. ( mesela burger king japonyada mayonezi şekerli veriyo)

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Strategic Alliances (Stratejik Ortaklıklar)

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A strategic alliance is a long-term partnership between two or more companies to develop, produce, or sell products in the global marketplace.

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Joint Ventures (Ortak Girişimler)

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A joint venture is a special strategic alliance in which two or more firms together create a new business entity(varoluş) that is legally separate and distinct (farklı).

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Foreign Direct Investment - FDI

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An investment made by a company or entity based in one country, into a company or entity based in another country.

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Multinational corporations (MNCs)

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An institutional operating (kurumsal çalışma) in several countries but managed from one (home) country.

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Why Nations Trade?

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Countries trade with each other to receive the materials, products, services, and foods that they are unable to get in their own country.

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What is absolute advantage? (mutlak üstünlük)

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In the theory of international trade, a country or firm has an absolute advantage if it can produce a product (good or service) more 'efficiently' (cheaply) than others.

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What is comparative advantage? (karşılaştırmalı üstünlük)

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Concept in economics that a country should specialize(uzmanlaşmak) in producing and exporting only those goods and services which it can produce more efficiently (at lower opportunity cost) than other goods and services (which it should import).

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what is trade surplus? (ticaret fazlası)

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A trade surplus occurs when we export more than we import over a given period of time.

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What is trade deficit? (ticaret açığı)

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Oposite of trade surplus.Imports exceed exports

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What is tariffs? (gümrük vergisi)

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A tax imposed(uygulanan) on a product when it is imported into a country.

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What is quota? (kota)

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The amount of sales needed to reach a company's sales goal.

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What is embargo? (ticareti kısıtlama)

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A government prohibition(yasak) against the shipment of certain products to a particular country for economic or political reasons.

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What is economic sanction? (yaptırım)

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Restrictions(kısıtlamalar) upon(üzerine) international trade and finance that one country imposes on another for political reasons.

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What is subsidy? (para yardımı)

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Financial aid given by the government to individuals or groups.

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What is dumping? (ucuzluk)

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Exporting goods at prices lower than the home-market prices.

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The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade- GATT

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(GATT) is a large-scale (geniş çaplı) pact established in the aftermath of World War II.

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World Trade Organization-WTO

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An international agency which encourages trade between member nations, administers global trade agreements and resolves disputes (tartışma) when they arise.

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Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)

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APEC is an organization of 18 countries that are making efforts to liberalize (serbestleştirmek) trade. Its goals are to reduce (azaltmak) trade restriction(kısıtlama) , improve reciprocity (karşıtlık) in market access, investment, standards and customs, intellectual property rights, energy and environmental issues, and dispute mediation.

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The International Monetary Fund (IMF)

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An organization set up in 1944 to lower trade barriers between countries and to stabilize currencies by monitoring the foreign exchange systems of member countries, and lending money to developing nations.

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The World Bank

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An organization whose focus is on foreign exchange reserves and the balance of trade.

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ASEAN-Association of Southeast Asian Nations

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A group of sovereign (egemen) state representatives (temsilcileri) that meets to discuss economic and political matters concerning the southeast Asian region.

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North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

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Trilateral treaty among Canada, Mexico, and the US, established to remove import duties (tariffs) and non-tariff barriers within ten years for most types of goods, and within five more years for others.

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The European Union (EU)

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The European Union (EU) which combines 15 countries and over 370 million
people, has become a commanding force in the world economy. Its goal is to eliminate (yok etmek) trade barriers between members and to function as a single market.The euro is the unified (birleştirilmiş) currency adopted by 11 of the EU countries.

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Foreign exchange (Döviz)

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Instruments, such as paper currency, notes, and checks, used to make payments between countries.
(ülkeler arasında ödeme yapmak için kullanılan araçlar)

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Exchange Rate (Döviz kuru)

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Rate at which one currency may be converted into another.

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Floating exchange rate system (dalgalı döviz kuru sistemi)

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A system in which the value of a nation's currency is determined by market forces without intervention (müdahale) by the government.

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Countertrade (karşılıklı ticaret)

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Trade in which part or all of payment (ödemenin bir kısmını veya tümünü) is made in goods or services. A barter(takas)