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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ABSOLUTISM:
Define ABSOLUTE monarch. |
An ABSOLUTE MONARCH is a king/queen who had complete centralized power over the people.
They did not share their power. |
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ABSOLUTISM:
Name the country for each monarch: Philip II Louis XIV Peter the Great/Catherine the Great Akbar the Great |
Philip II- Spain
Louis XIV- France Peter/Catherine- Russia Akbar- India |
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ABSOLUTISM in Russia:
Peter and Catherine wanted their capitol city to be a "window to the west." What did that mean? They wanted Russia to get a _____ water port. |
They wanted to WESTERNIZE and MODERNIZE Russia;
Warm water port |
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ABSOLUTISM:
What was the DIVINE RIGHT theory? It was similar to the ________________ in China. |
DIVINE RIGHT was the idea that absolute/divine right monarchs' right to absolute power came from God.
It was similar to MANDATE OF HEAVEN. |
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ABSOLUTISM:
Who said "I am the state?" What was he known as ? What was his palace? |
Louis XIV of France;
The "Sun King"; Palace of Versailles |
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LIMITED (CONSTITUTIONAL) MONARCHY:
In what country was the monarch's power limited? The king or queen had to share power with _____________. The MAGNA CARTA, the BILL OF RIGHTS, and the GLORIOUS REVOLUTION _________ the power of the monarchy. |
England;
Parliament; limited |
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SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION:
What happened? Who? What period did it lead to? |
Man used the SCIENTIFIC METHOD- observation and experimentation- to challenge old ideas. (New idea example: heliocentric theory);
Copernicus, Galileo, Newton; It led to the Enlightenment. |
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The ENLIGHTENMENT:
What was it? What was it also known as? |
ENLIGHTENMENT:
A period of new ideas, new ways of thinking about government. It's known as the AGE OF REASON: man used reason to try to improve society and government. |
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ENLIGHTENMENT:
Who was the most important Enlghtenment thinker? What were his ideas? |
JOHN LOCKE;
Man has NATURAL RIGHTS. Government's role is to protect man's rights. If gov't fails to protect rights, the people can overthrow the gov't. |
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ENLIGHTENMENT:
Other thinkers- What were their ideas? Montesquieu? Voltaire? Rousseau? |
Montesquieu- separation of powers
Voltaire- freedom of speech Rousseau- social contract (like Locke) |
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ENLIGHTENMENT:
What was its effect? |
Enlightenment ideas led to people thinking about changing their governments. The ideas were important in the American Rev. (Thomas Jefferson relied on Locke in our Dec. of Indep.), French Rev., and in revs. in Latin America.
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FRENCH REVOLUTION:
What was a major cause? |
Dissatisfaction of the Third Estate. They were treated unfairly compared to the First (clergy) and Second (nobles) Estates.
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FRENCH REVOLUTION:
The storming of the __________ is a symbol of the French Rev. The DECLARATION of the _____________________ relied on Locke's ideas. The ________________ was led by Robespierre. |
Bastille
Declaration of the Rights of Man; Reign of Terror |
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FRENCH REVOLUTION:
What group gained power as a result of the Revolution? |
The BOURGEOISIE (the middle class, part of the Third Estate)
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FRENCH REVOLUTION:
What general became emperor of France? What was his system of laws called? How did his invasion of Russia work out? |
NAPOLEON;
NAPOLEONIC CODE; The French invasion of Russia was defeated in the Russian winter. |
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CONGRESS OF VIENNA:
What was it? What did they try to do? |
It was a meeting of the nations that had defeated Napoleon's France.
They wanted to have a BALANCE OF POWER so no one nation could try to conquer Europe as Napoleon had tried to do. |
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LATIN AMERICAN REVOLUTIONS:
They were __________ revolts seeking independence/liberation from their European rulers. What inspired them to revolt? |
nationalist;
Enlightenment ideas and the examples set by the American and French Revolutions |
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LATIN AMERICAN REVOLUTIONS:
Who were some leaders of the nationalist idependence movements? |
Toussaint L'ouverture;
SIMON BOLIVAR (the most important!); San Martin; Father Hidalgo |
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NATIONALISM:
Define. |
Pride/love for your country; the desire of people with commom nationality, language, history, and customs to be together in a nation
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NATIONALISM:
Give an example where it pulled people together and led to unification. Give an example of where it pushed peoples apart and led to the break-up of empires. |
Pulled together -->unification: Germany, Italy.
Pushed apart --> Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire |
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NATIONALISM:
Unification of Germany: Who? How? Unification of Italy: Who? |
Germany:
OTTO VON BISMARCK; "blood and iron" use of strong army/war, industrialized Germany; realpolitik Italy: Cavour, Mazzini, Garibaldi |
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INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION:
Define. Where did it begin? What industry? |
The INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION was a change in the way goods were produced (machines, factories). It changed people's lives in many ways.
Began in BRITAIN in the TEXTILE industry. |
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INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION:
What other revolution in England led to it? |
AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION
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INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION:
Name some inventions. What was the main source of power in the factories. |
seed drill, spinning jenny, reaper,steam engine (James Watt), steam boat, locomotives (railroads);
Early factories used water power; then coal provided energy. |
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INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION:
Name and imporatant result. (Hint: Where did people live?) |
URBANIZATION- people moved to cities and cities grew larger
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INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION:
Describe working conditions in the factories and mines. Describe living conditions in the cities. |
Working conditions: dangerous machinery and unhealthy lack of ventilation, long hours, low pay, child labor;
Living conditions: crowded in tenement buildings, unsanitary slum neighborhoods, high crime areas |
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INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION:
Economics- growth of CAPITALISM, our free market economy. Who wrote about laissez-faire capitalism? What does laissez-faire mean? Who/what makes economic decisions in a free market economy? |
Who? ADAM SMITH
Laissez-faire? Gov't should not be involved in business. Laws of supply and demand (the "invisible hand") make economic decisions. |
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COMMUNISM:
Who wrote about it? He developed it in response to conditions during what period? Its main ideas? |
Who? KARL MARX
He was responding to the bad conditions of the INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION. Ideas: anti-capitalism; against private property; believed in class struggle- that workers (the proletariat) would have to overthrow the capitalist business owners. |
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IMPERIALISM
Define imperialism. |
IMPERIALISM is when one country dominates another country politically, economically, or culturally.
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IMPPERIALISM:
Why were European countries imperialists? (IMPORTANT!!!) |
The Europeans were industrial. So, they needed natural resources (raw materials) and markets to sell their manufactured goods to.
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IMPERIALISM:
Westerners justified imperialism by saying it was WHITE MAN'S BURDEN and/or SOCIAL DARWINISM. What does each of those mean? |
WHITE MAN'S BURDEN- the idea that Europeans should spread their culture to help less advanced peoples;
SOCIAL DARWINISM- because of survival of the fittest, it was only natural for stronger nations to take over weaker nations |
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IMPERIALISM/AFRICA:
What happened at the BERLIN CONFERENCE? |
European countries divided up Africa among themselves.
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IMPERIALISM/CHINA:
What was the OPIUM WAR? Afterwards, the Europeans divided China into _________________________. What was the BOXER REBELLION? |
Britain defeated China in the Opium War.
China was divided into SPHERES OF INFLUENCE. The BOXER REBELLION was a Chinese nationalist revolt against foreigners. The Boxers were defeated. |
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IMPERIALISM/INDIA:
India was a British colony. What was the SEPOY MUTINY (also called the SEPOY REBELLION)? |
The SEPOY REBELLION was an Indian nationalist revolt against the British. It was defeated.
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IMPERIALISM: Why were the Western powers able to defeat Africans and Asians?
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The Westerners had more advanced military technology (better weapons).
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Which Asian country became imperialistic (like the Europeans)?
What was the MEIJI RESTORATION? Why did they become imperialists? |
JAPAN.
In the MEIJI RESTORATION, Japan westernized and modernized (industrialized). Like the Europeans, Japan needed natural resources and markets. |
