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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
In 1215, King John of England signed the Magna Carta, which established the idea of what type of government?
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Limited Government
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The principle that says that government is not absolute, or completely powerful
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Limited Government
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Document signed by Charles I in 1625 that limited the king's power
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Petition of Right
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The ________________ said that the king could not:
- Collect taxes without Parlaiment's consent - Put people in prison for no reason - House troops in private homes without the owner's permission - Declare martial law unless the country was at war |
Petition of Right
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The _________________ set limits on what the king could and could not do. These limits applied to the colonists as well.
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English Bill of Rights
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The document that established the following rules:
- Kings do not have absolute authority - The king must have Parlaiment's consent to suspend laws, levy taxes, or maintain an army - The king cannot interfere with Parlaimentary elections - The people have a right to petition the government and have a fair trial - Citizens should not be subject to cruel or unusual punishment |
English Bill of Rights
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A government in which people elect delegates to make laws and conduct government.
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Representative Government
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Man who wrote "Two Treatises of Government" - which defined the concept of natural law
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John Locke
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The idea that the laws of nature provided rights to life, liberty and property
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Natural Law
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The idea that if government failed to protect the natural rights of its citizens, the people could change that government
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Social contract theory
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The 3 key elements of colonial government
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1. A written constitution
2. A legislature of elected representatives 3. A separation of powers between the governor and the legislature |
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The first example of many colonial plans for self-government.
1620 - Pilgrims |
Mayflower Compact
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The first basic system of LAWS in the English Colonies
1636 - Massachusetts Bay Colony |
Great Fundamentals
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The first elected lawmaking body in the English colonies
1619 - Virginia |
House of Burgesses
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America's first formal constitution, or charter
1639 - Puritans |
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
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Most voting rights in the early colonies were dependent upon what two things?
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1. Land ownership
2. Membership in the official church |
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The concept that said power was divided between the governor, the legislature, and the court.
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Separation of Powers
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Three practices that were established by colonial governments and became a key part of the nation’s system of government
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Limited government
Representative government Separation of powers |
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In the eyes of the British, what was the purpose of the American colonies?
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To serve as a source of raw materials and a market for British goods; for the economic benefit of Great Britain.
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What 2 events changed the easy relationship between the colonies and Great Britain?
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1. French & Indian War – the defeat of the French meant the colonists no longer needed protection
2. Coronation of King George III |
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Law passed in Great Britain to tax the American colonies to help pay for the French & Indian War
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Stamp Act of 1765
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The money a government collects from taxes and other sources
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Revenue
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The Boston Tea Party was a revolt against what?
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Taxes on the colonies which benefitted GB but not the colonists
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In retaliation for the Boston Tea Party, Parlaiment passed the Coercive Acts which the colonists called what?
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The Intolerable Acts
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The first plan for uniting the 13 colonies
Written by Ben Franklin Rejected by the colonists because it gave too much power to a national government |
The Albany Plan of Union
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First meeting organized by the colonies to protest King George’s actions
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Stamp Act Congress
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Network of communicating assemblies that urged resistance to the British
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Committees of Correspondence
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An agreement prohibiting trade between two countries
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Embargo
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Delegates from all the colonies (except Georgia) met in
Philadelphia, September 5, 1774 To decide what to do about the colonies’ relationship with Great Britain |
The First Continental Congress
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Date and place of the
The first battle of the Revolutionary war, when British redcoasts clashed with colonial minutemen |
Lexington and Concord in Massachusetts
April 19, 1775 |
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Three weeks after the war began, this Congress assumed the powers of a central government
It had no constitutional authority, but served as the acting government of the colonies throughout the war |
The Second Continental Congress
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First president of the 2nd Continental Congress
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John Hancock
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Wrote Common Sense, which argued that a monarchy was a corrupt form of government and that George III was an enemy to liberty
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Thomas Paine
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Patriot who said, “Is not America already independent? Why not then declare it?”
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Samuel Adams
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Patriot who introduced a resolution in the Continental Congress that “these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent states.”
Resolution was approved July 2, 1776 |
Richard Henry Lee
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Patriot who wrote the Declaration of Independence
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Thomas Jefferson
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Date Declaration of Independence was signed
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July 4, 1776
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What was so unique about the Declaration of Independence?
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No government at the time had been founded on the principles of human liberty and consent of the people
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The Second Continental Congress instructed the states to do what?
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Form governments and adopt a state constitution
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Plan adopted by the colonies in 1777 which continued the structure and operation of government that was established under the Second Continental Congress
Established that the states were in a “league of friendship: rather than united under a strong national government |
Articles of Confederation
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Word meaning “approved”
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Ratified
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“Single chamber”
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Unicameral
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First Congress, or Committee of States had how many representatives from each colony?
And how many houses of Congress? |
1 rep from each state
1 house of Congress |
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Under the Articles of Confederation, the national government did not have certain powers, such as…
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1. Power to collect taxes
2. Power to regulate trade 3. Power to enforce laws |
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Greatest achievements of the Confederation of States
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Establishment of a fair policy for developing lands west of the Appalachians
Peace treaty with Great Britain (1783) |
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Another word for “Yielded”
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Ceded
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Another word for "Laws"
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Ordinances
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Established the principle that the territories were to be developed
for statehood on an equal basis with the older states. |
Northwest Ordinance
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What were the 2 main reasons the states needed a strong central government was
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Large national debt and growing financial troubles
Disputes between states, mainly over boundary lines and tariffs (taxes on trade) |
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Man who led a revolt against the Massachusetts state supreme court; name of the rebellion named after him
Led people to recognize the need for a strong central government |
Daniel Shay
Shay’s Rebellion |
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Meeting which led to the call for a Constitutional Convention
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Annapolis Convention
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Man selected to preside over the Constitutional Convention
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George Washington
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Meetings which originally were intended to re-write and strengthen the Articles of Confederation. However, they ended up abandoning the articles and writing a whole new Constitution. What was the name of this series of meeting?
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Constitutional Convention
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Plan proposed at the Constitutional Convention which gave the larger states control of a strong national government
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Virginia Plan
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Plan proposed at the Constitutional Convention which said the central government would continue as a federation of sovereign states
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New Jersey Plan
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Compromise between the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan
Established a bicameral Legislature |
Connecticut Compromise
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The plan for how to count slaves
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Three-fifths Compromise
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Trade among the states
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Interstate Commerce
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People who criticized the Constitution
Said it was drafted in secrecy and took important power from the states |
Anti-Federalists
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People who supported the new Constitution
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Federalists
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Political disorder
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Anarchy
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One of the Anti-Federalists’ main complaint was that the new Constitution did not contain what?
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Bill of Rights
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John Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay wrote more than 80 essays defending the new Constitution. These were collected in a book called what?
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The Federalist
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Authors of The Federalist
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John Hamilton
James Madison John Jay |
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Father of the Constitution
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James Madison
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