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92 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How long ago was the last glacial maximum?
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10,000 to 13,000 years ago
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What is the result of the last glacial maximum on on farmland?
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it's very fertile
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What type of moraine is a ridge of till that formed along the leading edge of a the farthest advance of a glacier?
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Terminal moraine
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What type of moraine is a body of rock fragments at or within the side of a valley glacier where it touches bedrock and scours the rock fragments from the side of the valley?
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Lateral Moraine
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When the glacier around a lateral moraine melts, what happens to the ridge?
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It will remain as a narrow ridge of till or boulder train on the side of the valley
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What type of moraine is a long narrow body of rock fragments carried in or upon the middle of a valley glacier and parallel to its sides?
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Medial moraine
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Which moraine is usually formed by the merging of lateral moraines from two or more merging valley glaciers?
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Medial moraine
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Which two moraines are visible on the surface of the glacier in its ablation zone?
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Medial and Lateral
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What is a long, narrow, sinuous ridge of stratified drift deposited by meltwater streams flowing under glacial ice or in tunnels within the glacial ice?
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Esker
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What is a bowl-shaped depression on a high mountain slope, formed by glacier?
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a cirque
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What is a glacial trough of a tributary glacier, elevated above the main trough?
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Hanging valley
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What kind of glacier is long and flows down stream valleys in the mountains?
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valley glaciers
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What kind of glacier is the merging of two or more valley glaciers at the foot of a mountain range?
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Piedmont glaciers
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What kind of glacier is a vast, pancake-shaped ice mount that covers a large portion of a continent and flows independent of the topographic feature beneath it?
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Ice sheet glaciers
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What kind of glacier is small, semicircular to triangular glaciers that form on the sides of mountains?
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Cirque glaciers
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When a glacier melts and it appears to retreat up the valley, this is called what?
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glacial retreat
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As melting occurs, deposits of rocky gravel, sand, silt, and clay accumulate where the ice once was. This is called what?
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drift
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Drift that accumulates directly from the melting ice is unstratified and called what?
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till
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Why is the carbon cycle important?
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Because of the CO2 levels
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What do glaciers help us figure out?
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what the climate was before today
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The ocean stores a lot of carbon. When it warms up, it releases what?
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more carbon
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Our Global Temperature is what?
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in a cold period
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Temperature and CO2 levels are related. When the temp goes up what does CO2 do?
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goes up as well
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What event led to a dramatic increase of CO2?
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Industrial Revoluation
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Annual layers that indicate a pattern of deposition are called what?
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varves
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As glaciers melt, sediment is released and are fine and coarse grains. What are the grains like in Summer and winter?
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Summer = coarse grains
Winter = fine grains |
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What do varves help us determine?
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How long the summer and winter months lasted.
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The data stored inside a glacier that is farther down is called what?
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The Ice Core Project
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In Ice Core Project they drill farther down and look at older records. What do the air bubbles contain that help them analyze how warm the earth was?
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gas
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How do glaciers melt?
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Into a vapor or liquid
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Accumulation=
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bigger
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Ablation=
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smaller
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A large mass of ice formed by buildup of snow onto land is what?
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glacier
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Addition of snow and ice to the glacier is called what?
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accumulation
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Loss of snow and ice from the glacier is called what?
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ablation
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Where is the zone of accumulation located?
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At the top of the glacier
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_________ separates the line of accumulation from the line of ablation.
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snow line
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What is under a glacier?
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water flow
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What is the bottom end or nose of the glacier?
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terminus
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Another word for melting is?
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Sublimating
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In __________ the glacier is ablating faster than it is accumulating.
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glacial retreat
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Which glacier is up high on the mountain?
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cirque
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Which glacier looks like an alluvial fan?
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Piedmont
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Which glacier covers large land areas like Antarctica and Greenland?
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Ice sheets
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In U-Shaped Valleys, what used to be there?
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glaciers
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In V-shaped valleys, what used to be there?
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Rivers
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When a glacial valley cuts across a stream valley, what is formed?
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hanging valley
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What can be found in hanging valleys?
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waterfalls
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What is like an esker, but smaller....means a stream flowed through?
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Glacial flute
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Like a terminal moraine, this is the farthest the glacier has been...the end.
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End moraine
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What does Jokulaup under a Vatnajokul mean and create?
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a volcano under a glacier = massive flooding and melting
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Where is the most recent occurrence of a jokulaup under a vatnajokul?
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Greenland
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_________ is asymmetrical.
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Anticline
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_________ is symmetrical.
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syncline
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_____________ has oldest rocks that occur in the center of the fold.
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anticline
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____________ has youngest rocks in the center of the fold.
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syncline
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What three things produce carbon into the atmosphere?
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humans, plants, burning of fossil fuels
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The parent rock of marble is what?
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limestone
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The parent rock of gneiss is what?
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shale
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The parent rock of phyllite is what?
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shale
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The parent rock of garnet is what?
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shale
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The parent rock of biotite is what?
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shale
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_________ is asymmetrical.
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Anticline
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_________ is symmetrical.
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syncline
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_____________ has oldest rocks that occur in the center of the fold.
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anticline
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____________ has youngest rocks in the center of the fold.
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syncline
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What three things produce carbon into the atmosphere?
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humans, plants, burning of fossil fuels
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The parent rock of marble is what?
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limestone
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The parent rock of gneiss is what?
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shale
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The parent rock of phyllite is what?
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shale
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The parent rock of garnet is what?
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shale
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The parent rock of biotite is what?
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shale
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The parent rock of slate is what?
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shale
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Foliated or Nonfoliated?
Anthracite Coal |
nonfoliated
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Foliated or Nonfoliated?
Marble |
nonfoliated
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Foliated or Nonfoliated?
Gneiss |
foliated
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Foliated or Nonfoliated?
Phyllite |
foliated
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Foliated or Nonfoliated?
Garnet |
foliated
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Foliated or Nonfoliated?
Schist |
foliated
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Foliated or Nonfoliated?
Slate |
foliated
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Foliated or Nonfoliated?
Quartzite |
nonfoliated
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The rocks in the zone of contact metamorphism are a high what?
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grade
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_________ metamorphism is caused by large igneous intrusions that form and cool over long periods.
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regional
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Layering and parallel alignment of flat mineral crystals, such as micas is called what?
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foliated
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A wavy and or wrinkled foliation of fine grained flat minerals is a characteristic of what?
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phyllite
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A scaly, glittery layering of visible course grained flat minerals is called what?
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schistosity
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____________ may exhibit stretched fossils or long, prismatic crystals that have grown parallel to the pressure field.
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Nonfoliated metamorphic rocks
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Quartzite looks like ______/
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cement
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Hornfels looks like charcoal with ___________.
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Sparkles/fools gold
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Marble has lots of _________.
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crystals
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A concomerate looks like lots of gravel has been stuck together. It has not been what?
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metamorphised
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What rock has a green color?
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serpentinite
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