Gi Pathology

Front 1

Cobblestone appearance

Back 1

Crohn's disease

Due to submucosal edema with elevation of surviving mucosa

Front 2

Skip lesions

Back 2

Crohn's disease

Normal segment of intestine sandwiched between affected regions

Front 3

Key characteristics of Crohn's disease

Back 3

Skip lesions

Transmural inflammation

Linear ulceration

Cobblestone appearance

Submucosal fibrosis leading to narrowed lumen

Non-caseating granulomas

Front 4

String sign on radiography

Back 4

Crohn's disease

Front 5

Creeping fat on antimesentaric border

Back 5

Crohn's disease

Front 6

Complications of Crohn's disease

Back 6

Fistulas

Malabsorption, especially B12 which can --> pernicious anemia --> clubbing

Malabsorption of bile salts --> steatorrhea

Protein-losing enteropathy

Front 7

Chromosome 6

Back 7

Linked to ulcerative colitis

Front 8

Key features of ulcerative colitis

Back 8

Limited to large intenstine: rectum always affected and extends proximally

Can involve entire colon (pancolitis)

Inflammation confined to mucosa and submucosa

Red, granular appearance of mucosa

Pseudopolyps

Crypt abcesses

Front 9

Pseudopolyps

Back 9

Ulcerative colilits

Front 10

Crypt abcesses

Back 10

Always with ulcerative colitis but can happen in Crohn's, too.

Front 11

Flask-shaped ulcer

Back 11

Entamoeba histolytica (protozoa)

Front 12

Potato salad/tuna salad

Back 12

Staph aureus or Bacillus cereus

Front 13

Failure of involution of vitelline duct

Back 13

Meckel diverticulum

Front 14

Camping/hiking in the Rockies and gets diarrhea

Back 14

Giardia

Front 15

Congenital aganglionic megacolon/Hirschsprung associated with what disease?

Primarily which gender?

Back 15

Down Syndrome (2%)

Male predominance

Front 16

Cause of congenital aganglionic megacolon/Hirschsprung disease?

Back 16

Congenital absence of ganglion cells in wall of rectum and distal colon due to failure of neural crest migration.

Front 17

What part of bowel is always involved in congenital aganglionic megacolon/Hirschspring disease?

Back 17

Rectum is ALWAYS involved, distal colon (proximal to rectum) can be, too.

Front 18

Involved portion of colon is contracted while distal portion is dilated

Back 18

Congenital aganglionic megacolon/Hirschsprung disease

Front 19

Anorectal malformation above pelvic floor

Back 19

anorectal agenesis, rectal atresia

Front 20

Anorectal malformation below pelvic floor

Back 20

imperforate anus/anal stenosis

Front 21

Anorectal malformation intermediate location (neither above or below pelvic floor)

Back 21

anal agenesis/anorectal stenosis

Front 22

Collagenous colitis histology

Back 22

Thin layer of collagen directly beneath surface mucosa with chronic inflammation

Front 23

How to differentiate between ischemic colitis and inflammatory bowel disease?

Back 23

By age of patient

Ischemic colitis affects older/elderly

Front 24

Areas of bowel affected in ischemic colitis?

Back 24

Segmental colitis at watershed areas:

1. splenic flexure (b/t superior/inferior mesenteric arteries)

2. rectosigmoid (b/t inferior mesenteric and inferior iliac areas)

Front 25

Ischemic colitis usually associated with what disease/pathology?

Back 25

Atherosclerosis (advanced): leads to decreased blood flow which leads to hemorrhage/ischemic necrosis of mucosa

Front 26

Target population in collagenous colitis?

Back 26

Older/Elderly women

Front 27

Elderly patient with atherosclerosis

Back 27

Ischemic colitis

Front 28

Older/elderly woman with watery diarrhea and abdominal pain

Back 28

Collagenous colitis

Front 29

Angiodysplasia affects what part of bowel?

Back 29

Cecum or right colon

Front 30

Left lower quandrant pain in older patient

Back 30

Always include diverticulitis in differential diagnosis

Front 31

APC, K-RAS, and p53 association

Back 31

Adenocarcinoma in colon

Front 32

Apple core or napkin ring appearance

Back 32

Colon carcinoma