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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Chemical digestion occurs where?
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small intestine
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Increased frequency, volume and fluid of stool is called?
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diarrhea
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Diarrhea is a ––––– not a disorder!
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symptom
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What caused diarrhea?
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inflammation or disease process of the colon
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dehydration, hypovolemic shock, electrolyte imbalance are possible complications of ?
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diarrhea
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Inadequeate BM, less than 2/week or difficult passage?
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Constipation
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Laxatives, bulking agents (fiber), enemas are used to treat?
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constipation
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Occurs when intestinal contents cannot pass through the GI tract?
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intestinal obstruction
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Rapid onset, frequent and copious vomiting, colicky, cramplike, intermittent pain, feces for a short time, MIMIMALLY INCREASED ABDOMINAL DISTENTSION
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small intestine obstruction
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gradual onset, rare vomiting, low grade cramping abdominal pain, absolute constipation, GREATLY INCREASED ABDOMINAL DISTENTION
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large intestine obstruction
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Treatment of obstruction includes?
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decompression of stomach via NG, correction of fluid and electrolyte imbalance, relief or removal of obstruction
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Mechanical obstruction requires?
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surgery
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Crohns Disease and Ulcerative Colitis are classified as?
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Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
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Disease characterzied by inflammation and ulceration of the colon and rectum?
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Ulcerative colitis
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Peak age for ulcerative colitis?
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15-25 years of age
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Major symptoms of ulcerative colitis?
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bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain
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Drugs used to treat IBD?
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steroids and anti-diarrhea
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Inflammation of the appendix is called?
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appendicitis
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S& S of ––––?––– include:
periumbilical pain, anorexia, N&V, pain shifts to RLQ and localizes at McBurneys point, rebound tenderness, low grade fever? |
clinical manifestations of appendicitis
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Perforation, peritonitis, abscesses are complications of ?
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appendicitis
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Treatment of appendicitis?
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appendectomy
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Results from a localized or generalized inflammatory process of the peritoneum?
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peritonitis
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Primary causes of peritonitis?
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organisms, cirrhosis with ascites
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Appendicitis with rupture, rupture in intestinal tract, trauma to abdominal organs, postoperative breakage of anastomosis are secondary causes of?
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peritonitis
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Treatment for peritonitis?
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surgical removal of perforation and broad spectrum antibiotics
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Inflammation of the stomach and small intestines caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites and toxins?
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gastroenteritis
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Cholera transmitted via?
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fecal-oral route
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Shigella transmitted via?
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fecal-oral route
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Salmonella transmitted via?
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food preparation
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Staphylococcus trasmitted via?
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contaminated food
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Colstridium botulinum transmitted via?
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bacterial spores in food and soil
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E.Coli transmitted via?
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bacterial toxins, hemorrhagic colitis
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Giardia is contracted via?
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fecal oral route by contaminated food or water
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Amebiasis (dysentary) is contracted by?
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fecal oral route
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Cryptosporidosis contracted via?
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fecal -oral route contaminated water
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helminthic disorder is caused by?
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parasitic worms
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diagnosis of gastroenteritis utilizes what procedures?
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stool specimen, culture, sigmoidoscopy, blood work dependent on s&s
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antobiotics, fluid replacement, dietary management, are used for treatment of?
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gastroenteritis
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Results for impaired absorption of fats, CHO, proteins, mineral and vitamins?
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malabsorption
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Saccular dilation or outpouching of the mucosa through the circular smooth muscle of the intestinal wall?
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diverticulum
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Multiple noninflamed diverticula?
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diverticulosis
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Inflammation of the diverticula?
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Diverticulitis
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Clinical manifestations of Diverticular disorders?
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majority do not have symptoms, crampy abdominal pain relieved by flatus or BM, alternating constipation and diarrhea
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Intestinal neoplasms include?
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polyps and colorectal cancer
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Most common disorder of the biliary system?
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cholelithiasis
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Usually associated with cholelithiasis?
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cholecystitis
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Patho of Cholecystitis?
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stones may be lodged in the neck of the gallbladder or in the cystic duct
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Indigestion, moderate to severe pain, fever, jaundice are s&S of?
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cholecystitis
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s&S of cholelithiasis?
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similar to cholecystitis or no signs and symptoms
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What is believed to be the most common cause of pancreatitis?
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autodigestion of the pancreas
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Abdonimal Pain radiating to the back, sudden onset, severe, deep, piercing, continuous steady, aggravated by eating usually, low grade fever, jaundice and leukocytosis are s&s of ?
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pancreatitis
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cholecystectomy is removalof what?
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gall bladder
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benthyl, probathmine are used to treat?
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pancreatitis
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2% of all cancers, adenocarcinoma is most common type, high mortality rate 1-3 years, non specific s&S ?
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pancreatic cancer
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pancreatoduodenectomy is also called?
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whipples procedure
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inflammation of the liver is called?
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hepatitis
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metabolic and bile elimination functions are disrupted, impedes liver function, necrosis of hepatic tissue is the ––––––?–––––– of hepatitis?
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pathophysiology
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jaundice is seen in acute or chronic hepatitis?
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chronic
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What are the 4 phases of hepatitis?
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incubation, prodromal, icteric, convalescent
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Phase of hep marked by fever, chills, n/v, mild RUQ pain...?
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prodromal phase
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Phase of hep marked by jaundice, elevated bilirubin, pruritis, dark urine?
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icteric phase
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How is hepatitis diagnosed?
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viral studies, liver function tests, biopsy
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What three forms of the hepatitis virus are associated with chronic hepatitis?
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HBV, HCV, HDV
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S&S of chronic hepatitis?
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jaundice, fatigue, malaise, hepatomegaly
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Condition of the liver that cause chronic inflammation and scarring?
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cirrhosis
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Cirrhosis can be caused by ?
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chronic hepatitis, biliary obstruction, unknown etiology, and most common is alcoholism
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Portal hypertension, splenomegaly, ascites, esophageal varices, hepatic encephalopathy, hepatorenal snydrome are complications of ?
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Cirrhosis
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Dietary changes needed for treatment of cirrhosis?
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Limit amount of protein, Na and fluid restrictions
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Vitamin supplementation for cirrhosis?
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A, D, E, K
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Corgard reduces what in cirrhosis?
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bleeding of varices
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Diuretics used in treatment of cirrhosis?
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aldactone, lasix
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Abscess-inflammation and necrosis of the liver, focal liver disroders, are caused by?
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E.Coli, Staph, Pseudomonas, Strep
also can be bacterial or amebic |
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Liver cancer account for what percent of US cancers?
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2%
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What are the symptoms like in liver cancer?
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the symptoms are usually silent and it is very advanced when evaluation is sought
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Treatment for liver cancer?
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surgery of removal of tumor, chemotherapy, radiation
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