Gi

Front 1

What are the components of Charcot's triad?

Back 1

fever, jaundice, and right upper quadrant pain

Front 2

Reynold's pentad

Back 2

Charcot's triad plus shock and mental status changes. This is seen with cholangitis

Front 3

What is the strongest independent risk factor for AAA?

Back 3

Smoking
90 percent of patients with AAA have used tobacco

Front 4

The classic triad for a ruptured AAA

Back 4

hypotension, back pain, and a pulsatile mass

present in only 25 to 50 percent of cases of the elderly

Front 5

The four major causes of acute mesenteric ischemia are?

Back 5

arterial embolism, arterial thrombosis, nonocclusive ischemia, and mesenteric venous thrombosis

Front 6

Three most common causes of bowel obstruction

Back 6

hernias, tumors, adhesions (prior surg or Crohn's)

Front 7

Current Jelly stools are a symptom of?

Back 7

Intussusception

Front 8

S&S of hemorrhoids

Back 8

pain, BRBPR (bright red blood per rectum), sensation of tissue mass

Front 9

What is the main cause of PUD?

Back 9

H. pylori

Front 10

what are the clinical features of PUD?

Back 10

Abdominal pain, (often described as gnawing or burning)
Dyspepsia - (belching, bloating, distention, heartburn) or nausea is also reported.

Front 11

what are the some of the complications of PUD?

Back 11

Bleeding, perforation, penetration

Front 12

What is the common treatment for PUD?

Back 12

1. remove irritating factors, (smoking, ETOH, NSAIDS)
2. Combination therapy
- PPI with clarithromycin and amoxicillin
- Bismuth plus TCN, metronidazole, and a PPI
- ranitidine bismuth citrate, clarithromycin and amoxicillin, TCN or metronidazole

Front 13

What is the definition of diarrhea?

Back 13

increased frequency or volume of stool (e.g. 3 or more liquid or semisolid stools daily for at least 2-3 consecutive days.

Front 14

What are some of the causes of diarrhea?

Back 14

Infectious, toxic, dietary (e.g. laxative use), or other GI disease

Front 15

Antibiotic associated diarrhea is always caused by

Back 15

C. diff colitis, which in the most severe cases causes the classic pseudomembranous colitis.

Front 16

Clinical features of secretory diarrhea

Back 16

Large volume without inflammation - indicates pancreatic insufficiency, ingestion of preformed bacterial toxins, or laxative use.

Front 17

Clinical features of inflammatory diarrhea (bloody diarrhea with fever)

Back 17

indicates invasive organisms or IBD

Front 18

WBCs in stool denote?

Back 18

inflammatory process

Front 19

Patients over age 50 with new onset constipation should be evaluated for?

Back 19

colon cancer

Front 20

Constipation is defined as?

Back 20

A decrease in stool volume and an increase in stool firmness accompanied by straining.

Front 21

Clinical features of small bowel obstruction (SBO)

Back 21

- abdominal pain, distention, vomiting of partially digested food, and obstipation
- bowel sounds are high-pitched and come in rushes.
- upright radiographs may illustrate air-fluid levels

Front 22

Treatment of SBO

Back 22

surgical, large bowel obstruction being more urgent than SBO

Front 23

Crohn's disease may involve?

Back 23

The mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large bowel. Most often the terminal ileum and right colon are involved, but the rectum is usually spared

Front 24

Complications of Crohn's disease include?

Back 24

fistulas, abscesses, aphthous ulcers, renal stones, and predisposition to colon cancer

Front 25

Symptoms of Crohn's disease

Back 25

- Diarrhea and abdominal cramps in a patient <40
- low-grade fever, polyarthralgia, anemia, and fatigue frequently are encountered
- blood often present in stool

Front 26

Symptoms of ulcerative colitis

Back 26

bloody, pus-filled diarrhea, tenesmus

Front 27

Difference of onset Crohn's disease & ulcerative colitis

Back 27

Crohn's has a gradual onset, UC can be sudden or gradual

Front 28

S/S of appendicitis

Back 28

-initially, intermittent periumbilical or epigastric pain
- after 12 hours, the pain usually moves to the RLQ (McBurney's point), becomes constant and is worsened by movement
- nausea and anorexia are common
- vomiting may occur, but after the onset of pain
-Psoas sign and obturator sign
- Leukocytosis (usually 10,000-20,000 cells/mL. Higher levels are associated with perforation and peritonitis
-low-grade fever is common; high-grade fever is unlikely

Front 29

Classic features of acute pancreatitis

Back 29

Classic presentation is epigastric pain radiating to the back. The pain typically lessens when the patient leans forward or lies in a fetal position.

- N/V are common
- Fever, leukocytosis, and sterile peritonitis may occur
- Severe hypovolemia, ARDS, and tachycardia of >130 indicate a grave prognosis

Front 30

Labs with acute pancreatitis

Back 30

Serum amylase and lipase increase, usually > 3 times normal, within 24 h in 90% of cases; lipase remains elevated longer than amylase and is slightly more accurate for diagnosis

Front 31

Clinical features of chronic pancreatitis are the same as for acute with the addition of?

Back 31

fat malabsorption and steatorrhea late in the disease. Fecal fat will be elevated if malabsorption is present

Front 32

Symptoms and signs of cholangitis

Back 32

progressive obstructive jaundice, frequently associated with fatigue, pruritus, anorexia, and indigestion

Front 33

Cholecystitis s/s

Back 33

* Steady, severe pain and tenderness in the right hypochondrium or epigastrium.
* Nausea and vomiting.
* Fever and leukocytosis.