Gergus Bio182 Vascular Plants Lab Practical

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Identify the function of: Apical meristem

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Primary growth of shoot system.

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Root cross section

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Synapomorphy for Trachaeophytes

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Vascular tissue (xylem and phloem) are derived for?

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Thrachoephyta

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Conifers and cycads taxonomy?

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Eukarya

Plantae

Viridiplantae

Streptophyta

Embryophyta
Trachaeophyta

Euphyllophytes
Spermatophytes
Gymnosperms

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Conifers and cycads classification?

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Eukarya

Plantae

Viridiplantae

Streptophyta

Embryophyta
Trachaeophyta
Euphyllophytes
Spermatophytes
Gymnosperms

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Name the structures and functions.

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Top: A megastrobilus is a female cone that produces a megaspore (femalespore) inside of an ovule. The megaspore develops into a female gametophyte, which produces an egg . . . all of these steps taking place inside of a single ovule.

Bottom: A microstrobilus is a male cone that produces microspores (male spores), inside microsporangia which develop into male gametophytes (pollen)

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A microstrobilus is a male cone that produces microspores (male spores), inside microsporangia which develop into male gametophytes (pollen)

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A megastrobilus is a female cone that produces a megaspore (femalespore) inside of an ovule. The megaspore develops into a female gametophyte, which produces an egg . . . all of these steps taking place inside of a single ovule.

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Pine pollen (left), magnified with 40x lens. Pollen = male gametophyte (produces sperm cells).

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Pine pollen growing pollen tube, through which sperm would travel to get into ovule where egg waits.

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SEED is synapomorphy for Spermatophyta. Adaptive significance: protects the Sporophyte embryo during dispersal

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What is the name of the circular structure of the vascular tissue in most angiosperms as seen from a stem cross section?

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Eustele

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How many years old is the stem?

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3 years.

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Identify the function of: Axilliary bud

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Dormant meristem tissue that becomes active when the apical meristem is damaged.

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Identify the function of: Leaf primordia

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Immature leaves that develop into adult leaves.

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What does ovule contain BEFORE pollen tube reaches it?

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An egg cell, polar nuclei, and antipodal cells.

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What develops in ovule AFTER fertilization?

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Seeds.

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What does ovary develop into?

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A fruit.

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What is the function of anther?

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It is the pollen producing structure on the stamen (male)

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What is the function of stigma?

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It is the tissue that is the receptor of pollen grains.

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What is the function of petals?

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To attract pollinators.

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What is the function of sepals?

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Usually green, sepals typically function as protection for the flower in bud, and often as support for the petals when in bloom.

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Describe the type of leaf veination and its associated classification.

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parallel, characteristic of monocots.

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Describe the type of leaf veination and its associated classification.

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Netted or Reticulate, characteristic of dicots.

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What is the difference in vascular tissue between Monocots and all other angiosperms?

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Monocots have no order in of vascular tissue in as seen from a stem cross section where all other angiosperms' vascular tissue forms a circular structure.

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What is the function of the root cap?

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To protect the roots apical meristem.

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What is the function of the cortex?

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Starch or energy storage.

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What is the function of the vascular cambium?

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Secondary growth.

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Name the root type and associated classification.

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Fibrous root system typical of monocots.

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Name the root type and associated classification.

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Taproots typical of dicots.

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Name the leaf type.

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Simple

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Name the leaf type.

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Pinnately compound

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Name the leaf type.

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Bipinnately compound

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What is the adaptive significance/function of the Xylem?

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Xylem transports water and solutes from the roots to the leaves

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What is the adaptive significance/function of the Phloem?

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Phloem transports food/glucose from the leaves to the rest of the plant.

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What is the adaptive significance/function of the mesophyll?

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It is the part of the leaf that contains chloroplasts and photosynthesis takes place.

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All fruits are derived from which specific flower part?

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The ovary.

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The seeds in fruits are derived from which flower part?

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The ovules.

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What is the difference in flower petal numbers between monocots and dicots?

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Monocots have petals in multiples of 3 while dicots have petal in multiples of 4 and 5

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These organisms all belong to?

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Eukarya
Plantae
Viridiplantae
Streptophyta
Embryophyta
Trachaeophyta
Euphyllophytes
Spermatophyta
Angiosperms