Geology Test 2

Front 1

the major anion in the most important rock-forming minerals is the _______ anion

Back 1

silicate (CO4,4-)

Front 2

the most abundant of all the silicate minerals are the

Back 2

feldspars

Front 3

the mineral commonly used as the abrasive in household cleansers is

Back 3

orthoclase

Front 4

albite is a type of what mineral?

Back 4

feldspar

Front 5

minerals whose structures are dominated by ionic bonding would be expected to be

Back 5

water soluble

Front 6

minerals whose structures are dominated by ionic bonding would be expected to be

Back 6

water soluble

Front 7

the most abundant element in earths crust is

Back 7

oxygen

Front 8

the lack of any orderly internal atomic arrangement

Back 8

amorphous

Front 9

silicates

Back 9

minerals in which the silica tetrahedron is the major building block

Front 10

solid solution

Back 10

refers to two or more minerals whose composition and physical properties vary uniformly

Front 11

aany substance possessing an orderly internal atomic arrangement

Back 11

crystalline

Front 12

the primary difference between mafic and felsic igneous rocks

Back 12

their composition

Front 13

the largest of all igneous rock bodies

Back 13

batholith

Front 14

igneous rocks that make up the continent crust

Back 14

granite and granodiorite

Front 15

igneous rock that is part of a two phase cooling history

Back 15

porphyry

Front 16

basaltic magmas form by the partial malting of

Back 16

peridotite

Front 17

aphanitic

Back 17

the texture where the grains are too small to to be seen by the unaided eye

Front 18

porphyry

Back 18

an igneous rock consisting of large crystals surrounded by a fine grained matrix

Front 19

felsic

Back 19

refers to igneous rock composed largely of light colored minerals and the magma from which the rock was derived

Front 20

discordant

Back 20

refers to an igneous rock body that cuts across the layering in the host rock

Front 21

stoping

Back 21

the process by which magma is implaced by engulfing the host rock

Front 22

sill

Back 22

a concordant, tabular, intrusive igneous body

Front 23

xenolith

Back 23

an inclusion of host rock within an intrusive igneous rock body

Front 24

massive

Back 24

the shape of an igneous body where the large dimension is les than ten times the small dimension

Front 25

of all the mass wasting processes the one that operates over the largest area of the lands surface is

Back 25

creep

Front 26

frost heaving is an important process in

Back 26

creep

Front 27

solifluction

Back 27

the slow, downslope movement of water-saturated regolith in permafrost regions

Front 28

the mass wasting process that transports the material for the greatest distance is

Back 28

mudflow

Front 29

talus

Back 29

the accumulation of debris at the base of cliffs and road cuts

Front 30

gabion

Back 30

the rock-filled wire basket used to stabilize steep slopes

Front 31

two factors involved in nearly all cases of slope instability are ----- and -----

Back 31

-amount of water
--presence/absence of vegetation

Front 32

the steps cut into large road cuts to achieve slope stability

Back 32

benching

Front 33

the device used to provide maximum stability to retaining walls is called

Back 33

a dead man

Front 34

friction

Back 34

the force that resists movement between two bodies

Front 35

cohesion

Back 35

the strength of a material derived from properties other than inter-granular friction

Front 36

regolith

Back 36

the accumulated products of weathering above bedrock

Front 37

most sedimentary rocks are

Back 37

clastic or detrital

Front 38

of all the products of weathering the one available in greatest abundance for the formation of sedimentary rocks is ----

Back 38

clay minerals

Front 39

will a temperature-climate lake form graded bedding

Back 39

yes

Front 40

limestone can be formed by both ---- and ---- processes

Back 40

biochemical and chemical

Front 41

the sedimentary feature that is common to all sedimentary rocks is

Back 41

bedding

Front 42

most sedimentary rocks form from the sediments that accumulate

Back 42

off coastlines adjoining opening oceans

Front 43

the most abundant type of sedimentary rock is

Back 43

shale

Front 44

3 minerals that make up most cementing agents are

Back 44

calcite, quartz, and hematite

Front 45

the term that is used to describe materials that are laid down directly be streams is ---

Back 45

alluvial

Front 46

a transgressive sequence of marine sedimentary rocks records the fact that sea level was

Back 46

rising

Front 47

two major evaporite minerals are

Back 47

gypsum and halite

Front 48

detrital

Back 48

refers to solid material eroded and transported from their point of origin and deposited at some distant locale

Front 49

lacustrine

Back 49

refers to deposition in a lake

Front 50

coquina

Back 50

a limestone consisting chiefly or wholly of shells and shell fragments

Front 51

paludal

Back 51

refers to a wetland depositional environment

Front 52

varve

Back 52

a graded bed recording one years accumulation of sediment in a lake

Front 53

turbidite

Back 53

a deep-sea sedimentary rock whose beds are characterized by graded bedding

Front 54

chert

Back 54

a sedimentary rock made of crypto-crystalline quartz