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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
G - Giga
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1 Billion
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M - Mega
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1 Million
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k – Kilo
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1 Thousand
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h - hecto
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1 Hundred
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da - deca
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Ten
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d – deci
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.1 – tenth
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c – centi
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.01 – hundredth
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m – milli
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.001 – thousandth
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u – micro
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.000001 – millionth
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n – nano
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.000000001 – billionth
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Fahrenheit to Celsius
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F = 1.8C+32 C=(F-32)/1.8
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Celsius to Kelvin
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K=C+273
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Astronomical Units (AU)
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Distance of earth from sun 1AU = 150 Million Km
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Light-years – (LY)
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distance light to travels in a vacuum in one year
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Density
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Mass/Volume g/cm3
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Specific gravity
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ratio of mass at given volume of a substance to given volume of water at 4C
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Scientific Inquiry Steps
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-Establish hypothesis
-Gather Data -Accept, modify or reject hypothesis |
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Mineral definition
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-Naturally occurring
-Inorganic solid at earth’s temperature -Orderly crystal structure -Can be represented by chemical formula |
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Optical properties of Mineral
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Luster, ability to transmit light, streak
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Luster of mineral
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metallic, non metallic, vitreous (glassy), dull (earthy), pearly
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Ability to transmit light
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opaque, translucent, transparent
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Streak
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mark left when a mineral is scratched against a streak plate – color and softness
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Crystal Shape, or habit
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bladed (flat, long), fiborous, tabular (tablet shaped), granular, blocky (square), banded (layered)
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Mineral Strength
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Tenacity, hardness, cleavage, fracture
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Tenacity
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minerals resistance to breakage/deformation
-Brittle -Malleable -Sectile |
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Fracture
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Irregular
Splintery Conchoidal (smooth curved surfaces resembling broken glass) |
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What are rocks?
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Aggregates of two or more minerals/other rocks
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Three Groupings of rocks
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Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic
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texture
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shape, arrangement and size of mineral grains
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Composition
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abundance and type of minerals
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Textures of igneous rock
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-Coarse-grained (phaneritic)
-Fine-grained (aphanitic) -Porphyritic -Glassy -Fragmental or Pyroclastic -Vesicular– porous |
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Phaneritic
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Coarse Grained texture (igneous)
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Amphanitic
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Fine Grained texture (igneous)
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Porphyritic
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(igneous) Texture resulting from materials cooling at two different temperatures – 2 different sized crystals
• Phenocrysts • Groundmass or matrix |
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Fragmental or Pyroclastic
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Igneous Texture – has ash, molten blobs and/or angular blocks torn from wall of vent into air during eruption
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Vesicular
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Igneous Texture - porous
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Composition of igneous rocks
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-Felsic
-Andesitic -Mafic -Utra Mafic |
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Two Principal Sources of Sedimentary rock
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Detritial or chemical
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Compositions of Sedimentary Rocks
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-Clay minerals
-Quartz -Calcite -Evaporite Minerals |
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Sedimentary Textures
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Clastic and non-clastic
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Clastic
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discrete particles that are cemented or compacted together
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Nonclastic
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crystalline, minerals that form patterns of interlocking crystals – mostly halite, gypsum, calcite
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Detrital Sedimentary Rocks
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consist of mineral grains or rock fragments derived from mechanical or chemical weathering
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Chemical Sedimentary Rocks
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product of precipitated minerals
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Metamorphic Textures
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Folliated or non-folliated
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Foliated Textures
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- Slaty
- Phyllite - Schistosity -Gneissic |
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Slaty (Metamorphic)
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Metamorphic texture where minerals are closely spaced flat - layered
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Phyllite (Metamorphic)
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Metamorphic texture where mica crystals increase in size
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Schistosity (Metamorphic)
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Metamorphic texture where scaling/layering of glittering platy crystalline materials (mainly mica)
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Gneissic (Metamorphic)
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Metamorphic texture where light and dark minerals separate
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Non-folliated textures
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-Coarse Grained
-Fine Grained |
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Metaconglomerates
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Metamorphic Rock (stretched pebbles)
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Porphyoblasts
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large crystals in metamorphic rocks
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