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How to test the hardness of minerals?
You test the hardness of the mineral by taking a penny and scratching the surface of the mineral, if the penny does leave a etched line in the mineral then that means the hardness of the mineral is less then that of the penny.
What are the three common types of mineral cleavage?
1. Flourite
2. Halite
3. Calcite
What does conchoidal fracture mean?
Minerals break with smooth curve surfaces and look like broken glass

EX: Quarts & Olivine
What are Striations?
Parallel lines or bands across the surface of a minerals crystal or cleavage face.
EX: Feldspare
How to distinguish Plagioclase feldspar from Potassium feldspar?
They both have a overlapping range of colors but only Plagioclase has tinnier groves on one cleaveage called striations
What criteria do we use to classify igneous rocks?
1. Crystal Size
2. How they relate to each other
What is Amygdaloidal Texture?
vesicles filled in with secondary mineral long after the flow cooled.

EX: Quartz & Calcite.
What is porphyritic texture?
- 2 different kinds of minerals
Pheo Crust & Matrix
and what are the two different cooling methods?
1. underground
2. above ground
and what happens during this process?
underground: phenocrysts formes
above ground: matrix grains crystallize