Geology Quiz 3

Front 1

Because of its great hardness, diamond cannot be cleaved in any direction

Back 1

False

Front 2

Specific gravity is the ratio of a mass of substance to the mass of an equal volume of air

Back 2

False

Front 3

Mica is an example of a mineral with perfect cleavage

Back 3

True

Front 4

In order of a particular type of mineral to be classified as a minteral, it must______

a) be a solid
b) occur naturally
c) have a crystalline structure
d) have a definite chemical composition
e) all of the previous answers are correct

Back 4

e) all of the previous answers are correct

Front 5

All atoms of a given element (for example, all carbon atoms) contain the same characteristic number of ______ in their nuclei as all other atoms of that element.

Back 5

protons

Front 6

The atomic mass number of an atom is the total number of ____ in the atom

Back 6

protons and neutrons

Front 7

If the total number of electrons for a given atom is one more than the total number of protons, the atom will be _____.

Back 7

a negative ion

Front 8

Carbon-12 is the most abundant _____ of carbon

Back 8

isotope

Front 9

Carbon-14 has 8 ______.

Back 9

neutrons

Front 10

The sodium cation Na+ has one less _____ than it has ____.

Back 10

electrons and protons

Front 11

The two most abundant elements in Earth's crust are _____.

Back 11

oxygen and silicon

Front 12

When seawater evaporates its sodium and chlorine combine to precipitate as _____.

Back 12

halite (NaCI, salt)

Front 13

The important mineral _____ has three directions of cleavage to form a rhombohedron or "squashed box." and effervesces (fizzes) in dilute acid.

Back 13

calcite

Front 14

The group of minerals known as the _____ are sheet silicates characterized by one direction of cleavage.

Back 14

micas

Front 15

The most abundant group of mineral in the crust is the ______ group.

Back 15

quartz

Front 16

Mineral cleavage refers to flat external faces on a mineral grain created _____

Back 16

when the grain is broken along planes of weakness in its atomic structure

Front 17

A silica tetrahedron is composed of four atoms of the element ____ and one atom of ______

Back 17

oxygen and silicon

Front 18

The mineral _____ has isolated silica tetrahedra in its lattice structure

Back 18

olivine

Front 19

The group of minerals known as the _____ contain single chains of silica tetrahedra in their struture.

Back 19

pyroxenes

Front 20

The group of minerals known as the _____ contain double chains of silica tetrahedra in their structure.

Back 20

amphiboles

Front 21

The group of minerals known as the _____ contain planar sheets of silica tetrahedra in their structure.

Back 21

mica (biotite, muscovite, etc)

Front 22

The group of minerals known as the _____ have a complex framework structure in which the oxygen atoms are shared by adjacent silica tetrahedra.

Back 22

feldspar

Front 23

THe mineral _____ is an example of an elemental mineral, because it is composed of just one element rather than being a compound of different elements.

Back 23

graphite

Front 24

Geologist use the word ____ to describe the color of a fine powder of a mineral, as might be left by a relatively soft mineral on a piece of white unglazed porcelain.

Back 24

streak

Front 25

Some mineral specimens are ____, which means that you can see clearly through the mineral

Back 25

transparent

Front 26

______ is a characteristic of a mineral that is either metallic or nonmetallic

Back 26

Luster

Front 27

The hardest mineral is _____

Back 27

diamond

Front 28

The hardest mineral has a hardness of _____ on Mohs relative hardness scale.

Back 28

10

Front 29

Calcite has ____ directions of cleavage.

Back 29

3

Front 30

Some minerals, like _____, do not cleave along regular planes (because there are no planes of weakness in their crystal structure), but instead fracture along irregular surfaces that are commonly curved.

Back 30

quartz

Front 31

The mineral _____ commonly develops through the evaporation of seawater and has a salty taste.

Back 31

halite

Front 32

The mineral _____ is strongly magnetic, and specimens of _____commonly fluoresce in ultraviolent light

Back 32

magnetite and fluorite

Front 33

Minerals in the ____ family of chain silicates have two directions of cleavage that are oriented approzimately at right angeles (-90 degrees) to one another

Back 33

pyroxene