Geology Midterm

Front 1

What is responsible for the Earth's seasons?

Back 1

the tilt of the Earth's axis

Front 2

Which TWO of the following drives Earth's systems?

Back 2

Internal & External energy

Front 3

The age of the Earth is:

Back 3

4.5 billion years

Front 4

What THREE below are rock types?

Back 4

Igneous, Sedimentary, metamorphic

Front 5

Earth is the ___ planet from the Sun

Back 5

3rd

Front 6

The study of geology includes:

Back 6

volcanoes, earthquakes, landform formation, fossil

Front 7

The theory that describes the origin of the Earth is the nebular hypothesis.

Back 7

True

Front 8

The Earth's systems (lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere) are not interrelated and operate independently of each other.

Back 8

False

Front 9

Another way to state uniformitarianism is that "the present is the key to the past".

Back 9

True

Front 10

What type of magma usually has the lowest viscosity, the least amount of silica and dissolved gas and produces dark colored rocks?

Back 10

Mafic

Front 11

Which mineral would tend to be the last to crystallize out of a felsic melt?

Back 11

Quartz

Front 12

What type of volcano has a very gentle slope?

Back 12

Shield

Front 13

Smooth ropey lava is ___ and rough jagged lava is ____.

Back 13

Pahoeoe, aa

Front 14

Which of the following are classic cinder (scoria) cones?

Back 14

Sunset Crater, Capulin, Paricutin

Front 15

Most composite volcanoes are located :

Back 15

on the ring of fire

Front 16

What are the bodies of rock called when magma cools beneath the Earth's surface?

Back 16

Plutons

Front 17

The name for a mushroom shaped intrusion that squeezes in between layers and domes up the overlying rock is called:

Back 17

Laccolith

Front 18

Where would you find an example of a shield volcano?

Back 18

Hawaii

Front 19

Columnar jointing is produced when:

Back 19

lava cools

Front 20

Weathering that breaks rocks into smaller pieces is called:

Back 20

Mechanical

Front 21

When rocks are broken down by repeated freeze and thaw, the process is called:

Back 21

Frost wedging

Front 22

The removal of overlying rock is called ___ and results is ____.

Back 22

Unloading, expansion

Front 23

Mechanical weathering impacts chemical weathering by:

Back 23

Increasing the effectiveness of chemaical weathering by increasing surface area

Front 24

The most common weathering agent is:

Back 24

Water

Front 25

A common rock that undergoes dissolution:

Back 25

limestone

Front 26

The weathering process of ___ produces "rust" and commonly occurs to the mineral __ & ___

Back 26

Oxidation, hematite & limonite

Front 27

___ weathers feldspars which turn them into ___

Back 27

Hydrolysis, clays

Front 28

___ supports plant growth, and the largest

component of this is ___

Back 28

Soil, mineral matter

Front 29

Wind erosion of crop lands in Texas is most severe in

Back 29

Panhandle

Front 30

Mass wasting is the down slope movement of material due to the influence of:

Back 30

gravity

Front 31

Volcanic or earthquake activity may ___ a slope.

Back 31

Over steepen

Front 32

A ____ is an example of mass wasting due to subsurface erosion.

Back 32

Sinkhole

Front 33

The accumulation of material at the base of a mountain is called a :

Back 33

Talus slope

Front 34

Mass wasting events are more common in __ seasons.

Back 34

Wet

Front 35

Shale is ___.

Back 35

Impermeable

Front 36

A volcanic mud and debris flow is a ___.

Back 36

Lahar

Front 37

A slide where rotation occurs is called a ___.

Back 37

Slump

Front 38

Vegetation on a slope increases the chance of mass wasting.

Back 38

False

Front 39

Curved tree trunks are an indicator that creep had occured.

Back 39

true

Front 40

The volume of water a stream carries is called:

Back 40

discharge

Front 41

What 3 things do rivers do to sediment?

Back 41

Erode, transport, deposit

Front 42

When a stream makes a curve, it flows ___ on the inside and ___ on the outside.

Back 42

slower, faster

Front 43

As a stream curves, erosion produces a ___ and deposition produces a ___.

Back 43

cut bank, point bar

Front 44

A meander loop that gets cut off from the main stream is called:

Back 44

oxbow lake

Front 45

A ____ separates drainage basins.

Back 45

divide

Front 46

Most rivers in Texas flow into:

Back 46

Gulf of Mexico

Front 47

Which 1 of the following is not a drainage pattern.

Back 47

circular

Front 48

___ Erosion is the erosion that occurs in the upstream direction.

Back 48

headward

Front 49

Urbanization decreases the potential of flooding.

Back 49

False

Front 50

Which mineral is NOT among the eight most abundant minerals in the Earth's crust?

Back 50

Lead

Front 51

A mineral is:

Back 51

Naturally occurring, an orderly 3D arrangement of atoms, a solid

Front 52

Which metals occur naturally as minerals in nature?

Back 52

Iron, Gold, Copper

Front 53

What is the shape formed by the joining together of four oxygens and one silicon atom?

Back 53

Tetrahedron

Front 54

A chemical bond that occurs between positive and negative ions is called an:

Back 54

Iconic bond

Front 55

Feldspars are different from quartz in that they have some ___ in the silicon site of the silicon-oxygen tetrahedrons.

Back 55

Aluminum

Front 56

Which mineral below is a carbonate?

Back 56

Calcite

Front 57

Which two minerals below are micas?

Back 57

Biotite & Muscovite

Front 58

How are some tetrahedrons joined together?

Back 58

By sharing oxygen atoms

Front 59

Which mineral is formed solely from silicon and oxygen?

Back 59

Quartz