Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Topographic maps show_______________.
A. GRAPHIC representations of climate zones. B. Depictions of regional soil types. C. the configuration of the Earth's surface by means of contour lines. D.rock formation and their ages in a structural context. |
C. the configuration of the Earth's surface by means of contour lines.
|
|
|
In dividing Earth, lines of longitude are measured east and west of the______________.
|
Prime Meridian
|
|
|
In the U.S. Public Land Survey System_____________.
A. townships are surveyed north and south or principal meridians; ranges east and west of base lines B.ranges are surveyed north and south of base lines; townships east and west or principal meridian. C.townships are surveyed north and south of base lines; ranges east and west of principal meridians D.ranges are surveyed north and south of principal meridians; townships east and west of base lines. |
D. ranges are surveyed north and south of principal merdians; townships east and west of base lines.
|
|
|
On a topographic map, a scale of 1:24,000 may indicate_____________.
A. one inch= 24,000 feet B. one millimeter=24,000 kilometers C. one foot=24,000 miles D. one centimeter= 24,000 centimeters |
C. one foot=24,000 miles
|
|
|
A contour line connects multiple points of ___________________.
|
equal elevation
|
|
|
Assume you are standing beside a mine shaft in the southeast quadrant of the northwest of section 15, township 20 north, range 6 east. Select the mine shaft's location written in correct, standard abbreviated form.
A. NW 1/4, SE 1/4, Sec. 15, T20N,R6E B. SE 1/4, NW1/4, Sec. 15, R6E, T20N C. T20N, R6E, Sec.15, SE 1/4, NW 1/4 D. SE 1/4, NW 1/4, Sec.15, T20N, R6E |
D. SE 1/4, NW 1/4, Sec.15, T20N, R6E
|
|
|
You are a geological engineer who is tasked with determining the gradient of a hillside above a proposed road cut. Using a topographic map of the area, you find that the distance between two points on the hillside is 5km and the relief between the two points is 80m. You calculate the average gradient of the slope to be_________________.
A. 6cm/m B. 16m/km C. 16km/m D. 0.06km/m |
B. 16M/KM
|
|
|
A section of land is normally__________mile(s) on a side.
A. 1 B. 6 C. 10 D. 36 |
A. 1
|
|
|
As contour lines cross a stream, the lines form a "V" pattern that_____________.
A. points upstream B. indicates the relative velocity of the stream. C. points downstream D. shows the capacity of the stream |
A. points upstream
|
|
|
All of the following are factors affecting mass wasting except for_______________.
A. gravity B. water C. slope angle D. geological age |
D. Geological age
|
|
|
How do the strength and cohesion of clay-rich regolith or soil change with the addition of water?
A. Water does not affect the cohesion but lowers the strength B. Water reduces the strength of clays but rises the cohesion of the soil C.Water increases the strength and cohesion D.Water lowers the strength and cohesion |
D. Water lowers the strength and cohesion
|
|
|
As an erosional process, how is mass wasting unique from wind, water and ice?
A. Mass wasting affects particles of all sizes whereas the others affect only smaller particles B. Mass wasting does not require a transporting medium C. Mass wasting affects much larger geographic areas than does wind, water, and ice. D. All of the above |
B. Mass wasting does not require a transporting medium
|
|
|
How do freezing, thawing, wetting, and drying contribute to soil creep?
A. The soil becomes much weaker when dry and frozen B. Gravity exerts a much stronger force when the soil is wet and thawed C. The soil expands and contracts, lifting particles and dropping them a slight distance downslope. D.Eventually, these case the soil and regolith to suddenly slide down the slope. |
C. The soil expands and contracts, lifting particles and dropping them a slight distance downslop.
|
|
|
The steepest angle that a pile of dry, unconsolidated particles can sustain before moving downslop is its angle of_____________.
A. talus B. repose C. retention D. stability |
B. Repose
|
|
|
True or False
Gravity is the basic force that moves or accelerates soil and regolith down a slope. |
True
|
|
|
Forms of Mass Wasting diagrams:
A______________ B______________ C______________ D______________ a-Debris Flow b-Slump c-earthflow d-rockslide |
A= (B)Slump
B= (D)Rockslide C= (A)Debris Flow D= (C)Earthflow |
|
|
The single mort important agent scuplting Earth's surface is ______ erosion.
A. ice B. ocean current C. stream D. wind |
C. Stream
|
|
|
__________ is the generic term that refers to sediments deposited by streams.
|
Alluvium
|
|
|
The area that contributes water to a stream is its__________.
A. drainage basin B. valley C. divide D. drainage pattern |
A. Drainage basin
|
|
|
Which of the following will result in a lower base level for rivers and streams?
A. sea level drops; land subsides B. sea level falls; land rises C. sea level rises; land subsides D. sea level rises; land rises |
B. Sea level falls; land rises
|
|
|
_______make up the suspended loads of most rivers and streams.
A. dissolved ions and sand B. dissolved salts C. silt and clay-sized, detrital grains D. sand and gravel that move during floods. |
C. silt and clay-sized, detrital grains
|
|
|
Where is erosion concentrated along a meandering stream?
A. on the straight channel segments that connect the meander loops B. on the outer parts of the meander loops or bends C. at the unconsolidated point bars D. on the inner banks of the meander loops |
B. on the outer parts of the meander loops or bends
|
|
|
Channel width X channel depth X velocity formula used to determine a streams_______.
A. discharge B. gradient C. longitudinal profile D. sheetflow |
A. Discharge
|
|
|
A stream begins at the elevation of 200 meters and flows a distance of 400 kilometeres to the ocean? What is the average gradient?
A. 2m/km B. 2km/m C. 0.5m/km D. 0.5km/in |
C. 0.5m/km
|
|
|
_______ controls the ease (or difficulty) of groundwater transmission through a porous material.
A. Potability B. Portabilty C. Permeosity D. Permeability |
D. Permeability
|
|
|
The natural flow of groundwater that exists when the water table intersects the ground surface is called a (n) _________________.
A. well B. aquitard C. Sinkhole D. Spring |
D. Spring
|
|
|
An artesian well is one in which ___________.
A. the water is warm, fairly saline, and recharged by an affluent stream. B. pressurized groundwater rises from a deep, unsaturated aquifer C. water rises above the top of the aquifer without any pumping D. the well is horizontal and the water table is perched |
C. water rises above the top of the aquifer without any pumping
|
|
|
__________ account for the largest usage of groundwater in the United States.
A. Water for livestock and poultry B. Domestic and municipal supplies C. Industrial uses D. Agriculture and irrigation |
D. Agriculture and irrigation
|
|
|
This term is used to describe an impermeable layer that hinders or prevents the movement of groundwater.
A. artesian B. aquitard C. aquifer d. speleothem |
B. aquitard
|
|
|
A ___________ is the icicle-like speleothem that growns down from the roof of a cavern.
A. stalandite B. stalactite C. stalagmite D. slagdite |
B. stalactite
|
|
|
An aquifer is ___________.
A. the porous and permeable, saturated cone of depression in an aquitard. B. a layer or stratum in which groundwater flows downward to the water table. C. a saturated, porous, and permeable layer or stratum. D. an unsaturated, influent-flow bed or stratum below a spring. |
C. a saturated, porous, and permeable layer or stratum.
|
|
|
TRUE OR FALSE
The shape of the water table is a subdued replica of the surface topography |
True
|
|
|
What term denotes the percentage of open space or voids in a material?
|
Porosity
|
|
|
Groundwater diagram with huge ditch
|
Karst
|
|
|
Concentration of tough, chemically resistant and higer density minerals in water deposited sands and gravels are known as _______.
|
Placers
|
|
|
_______, a common sedimentary rock, is used for the manufacture fo lime and Portland cement
|
Limestone
|
|
|
True or False
Lignite is known as brown coal; it has a much higher energy content than anthracite and bituminous coal |
FALSE
|
|
|
True or False
A metallic mineral resource cannot be called an ore deposit unless it can be mined at a profit |
True
|
|
|
Sandstone is a much more common reservoir rock for petroleum than shale because___________.
A. shale is more porous so the oil tends to leak out over time. B. sandstone are more permeable than shales so subsurface flows of fluids tend to be directed through sandstone strata rather than through shales. C. sandstone is mroe abundant than shale D. shales, especially black shales, are much richer in primary organic matter than are sandstones. |
B. sandstone are more permeable than shales so subsurface flows of fluids tend to be directed through sandstone strata rather than through shales.
|
|
|
_____ is an essential component of plasters and sheetrock (wallboard).
A.apatite B. Garnet C. Talc D. Gypsum |
D. Gypsum
|
|
|
The process whereby metal elements are leached in the zone of aeration and redeposited in a mroe concentrated form at or near the water table called ________.
A. magmatic segregation B. metamorphism C. primary deposition D. secondary enrichment |
D. secondary enrichment
|
|
|
Vein- or fissure-filling deposits of lead and since minerals would be more common in ____________.
A. impactites and shattered rock of a meteorite impact zone B. rocks of a contact-metamorphic zone formed around a shallow, granite pluton C.rocks formed in a deep, high grade, regional-metamorphic zone D. rhyolitic lava flows interbedded with pyroclastics |
B. rocks of a contact-metamorphic zone formed around a shallow, granite pluton
|
|
|
Ore deposits of __________ form by prolonged, intense, tropical weathering of specific kinds of bedrock.
A. silver B. mercury C. aluminum D. magnesium |
C. aluminum
|
|
|
Graphite deposits typically form geologically ______________.
A. as deposits around submarine, hot spring vents B. by decompositions of humus and soil gases during intense, tropical weathering C. as hydrothermal vein deposits in limestone around a granitic batholith D. by regional metamorphism of organic-rich, black shales |
D. by regional metamorphism of organic-rich, black shales
|
