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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Definition: Rock |
-Aggregate of many minerals -Naturally occurring -Coherent (one section); grains are not interlocking |
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Igneous |
-Cooling of lava or magma -Includes both intrusive and extrusive rocks |
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Sedimentary |
-Fragments of rocks, minerals, organic matter -Formed by compaction, cementation, chemical precipitation |
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Metamorphic |
-Alteration of existing rocks -Heat and pressure without melting |
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Intrusive |
Formed undergound and then pulled up |
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Extrusive |
Mineral formed on surface after extreme heat |
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Divergent Plate Boundary |
-Plates move apart -New crust forms -Occurs: sea floor + continents |
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Early Stage of Divergent Plate Boundary |
-Rifting is taking place EX/ Red Sea |
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Mid Stage of Divergent Plate Boundary |
-Ocean basin is widening -Linear increase in age with increase in distance EX/ Central Atlantic Ocean |
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Mid Ocean Ridges (M.O.R) |
-Large canyons in the ocean -Sea floor spreading in the ocean -Rising asthenosphere melts, forming mafic magma -Pooled magma solidifies into oceanic crustal rock (See: Pillow Basalt, Dikes, Gabbro) |
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Pillow Basalt |
Magma quenched at sea floor |
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Dikes |
Hot, semi-liquid substance that spews from volcanoes cools and becomes solid |
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Black Smokers |
-Found at M.O.R -Water entering fractured rocks, heated by magma -Hot water dissolves minerals & cycles out rock -When water reaches surface, minerals crystalize |
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Convergent Plate Boundary |
-Plates come together -Density of the crust a) Subduction zone (creates volcanoes) |
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Subduction Zone |
-The downgoing plate slowly sinks down, into the asthenosphere -Older oceanic plate goes under -Subducting plate descends at 45 degree |
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Earthquake |
-When rock breaks in down moving plates, that's an Earthquake -Earthquakes happen on plate boundaries (particularly in the convergent zone) |
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Features of Subduction |
1) Deep Ocean Trenches 2) Accretionary Prisms 3) Fore-Arc Basins 4) Volcanic Arcs |
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Deep Ocean Trenches |
Deep, away from land |
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Accretionary Prisms |
Pile of sediment on top of plate going down. Mud. |
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Fore-Arc Basin |
The space between the subduction zone |
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Volcanic Arcs |
-A chain of volcanoes on overriding plate -As it warms, the water is driven off -Descending plate causes partial melting -Magma rises and melts through overriding plate |
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Back-Arc Basin |
-A marginal sea behind an arc -Forms behind an island and a continent |
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Transform Plate Boundary |
-Plates slide past one another -Different spreading rates, no new plates -Lots O' little Earthquakes EX/ San Andreas Fault Zone |
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Continental Transform |
-Cut across continental crust EX/ San Andres |
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Triple Junction |
-3 plate boundaries intersect EX/ Juan de Fuca Plate |
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Hot Spots |
-Rising mantle material away from plates -Originates from deep mantle plume -Magma rises to surface -Pierce the overriding plates -Plate motion pulls volcano off of plume a) This results in a chain of volcanoes b) Reinforces sea floor spreading EX/ Hawaii |
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Derivative Science |
Based in physics, chemistry, biology, math |
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Integrative Science |
Interweaves those fields from derivative science |
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Uniformitarianism |
-Nature follows consistent laws -Laws operated in the past as they do today -Geologic processes act naturally and slowly over long periods of time |
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Name the Layers of Earth |
-Magnetosphere -Atmosphere -Hydrosphere -Biosphere -Solid Earth (lithosphere) |
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How old is Earth? |
4.6 billions years |
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Endogenic |
From Earth's internal energy -plate tectonics |
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Exogenic |
Powered by solar radiation -atmosphere/ hydrosphere/ biospheres |
