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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
External processes occur ____
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at or near Earth's surface
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3 External processes
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1. Weathering
2. Mass Wasting 3. Erosion |
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External processes responsible for
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transforming solid rock to sediment
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Derive from Earth's interior and elevate by mountain building and volcanic activity
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Internal processes
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Break rock apart and move debris to lower elevations
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External processes
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Physical breakdown an chemical alteration of rocks near or at surface
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Weathering
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Transfer of rock and soil down slope under influence of gravity
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Mass Wasting
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Physical removal of material by mobile agents- water, wind, ice
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Erosion
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Occurs where rock is mechanically fragmented and/or chemically altered
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Weathering
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Accomplished by phycial forces that break rock into smaller and smaller pieces without changing the rock's mineral composition
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Mechanical Weathering
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Involves a chemical transformation of rock into one or more new compounds
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Chemical Weathering
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Breaking down in mechanical weathering ______ surface area available for chemical attack
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Increases
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3 physical processes
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1. Wedging
2. Expansion resulting from unloading 3. Biological activity |
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Sections of rocks wedged loose and tumbled into piles. Form steep rock outcrops
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Talus slopes
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Onion like layers in unloading
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Sheeting
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Unloading occurs i nlarge masses of ____ rocks
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Igneous
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Break down rock components an internal structures of minerals. Convert constituents to new minerals or release them to surrounding environment
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Chemical weathering
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Most abundant continent rock
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Granite
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End product of chemical breakdown of feldspar. Very stable under surface conditions.
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Residual Clay minerals
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V resistant to weathering. Component of granite.
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Quartz
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Weathered rocks have rounded shape
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Spheroidal weathering
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Rates of Weathering influenced by
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1. Rock characteristics
2. Climate 3. Differential weathering |
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Portion of regolith that supports the growth of plants. Combo of mineral an organic matter, water, air.
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Soil
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1/2 of soil
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Disintegrated and decomposed rock and humus
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The decayed remains of animal and plant life. Enhances soil's ability to retain water
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Humus
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Soil is product of complex interplay. 5 items
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1. parent material
2. Time 3. climate 4. plants and animals 5. topography |
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2 types of possible soil
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1. Underlying bedrock- residual soils
2. Undonsolidated deoposits- transported soils |
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Factors that influence soil from parent rock
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1. type of parent material affects rate of weathering and rate of soil formation
2. affects soil fertility |
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most influential factor of soil
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Climate
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Soil Profile layers
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O
A E B C |
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Topsoil = which layers?
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O
A |
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Solum= which layers?
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O
A E B |
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Soil moved by thin sheets of water
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Sheet erosion
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Rates of erosion
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1. Soil characteristics
2. Climate 3. Topography 4. Type of vegetation |
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Outcomes of Soil erosion
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1. Lower productivity
2. Poorer crop quality 3. Reduced agricultural income |