Geology 1050I The Rock Cycle

Front 1

What is included in the definition of a mineral?

Back 1

-Naturally occurring inorganic solid

-Orderly internal structure

-Definite chemical composition

Front 2

A mafic volcanic rock would be

Back 2

Dark and fine-grained with a rapid cooling history

Front 3

What is the single most important characteristic of sedimentary rocks?

Back 3

Layering

Front 4

Which of the rock types is most likely to contain fossils?

Back 4

Sedimentary

Front 5

Which rock type can be the precursor rocks to metamorphic rocks?

Back 5

Igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic

Front 6

Which one of these shows the correct order, from low to high grade, of the foliated metamorphic rocks?

a) slate, phyllite, schist, gneiss

b) schist, gneiss, slate, phyllite

c) gneiss, slate, phyllite, schist

d) phyllite, schist, gneiss, slate

Back 6

A

Front 7

What is the mineralogical volcanic extrusive equivalent of the intrusive plutonic rock granite?

Back 7

rhyolite

Front 8

What is the mineralogical volcanic extrusive equivalent of the intrusive plutonic rock diorite?

Back 8

andesite

Front 9

What is the mineralogical volcanic extrusive equivalent of the intrusive plutonic rock gabbro?

Back 9

Basalt

Front 10

What sedimentary rock has mud-sized grains?

Back 10

Shale

Front 11

What sedimentary rock has sand sized grains?

Back 11

sandstone

Front 12

What sedimentary rock has gravel sized grains?

Back 12

conglomerate, breccia

Front 13

What is the environment of formation for rock salt?

Back 13

Shallow evaporating sea

Front 14

What is the environment of formation for limestone?

Back 14

Coral Reef

Front 15

What is the environment of formation for coal?

Back 15

Swamp

Front 16

Baked zones caused by igneous intrusions result in what type of metamorphism?

Back 16

Contact

Front 17

Grinding of rocks at fault zones result in what type of metamorphism?

Back 17

cataclastic

Front 18

Large scale metamorphism at convergent boundaries

Back 18

regional

Front 19

The possible precursor of quartzite is

Back 19

sandstone

Front 20

The possible precursor of marble is

Back 20

limestone

Front 21

The possible precursor of slate is

Back 21

shale

Front 22

The possible precursor of gneiss is

Back 22

diorite

Front 23

Rocks that form from the cooling and crystallization of hot, molten material

Back 23

Igneous

Front 24

Rocks that form from the compaction and cementation of unconsolidated material

Back 24

Sedimentary

Front 25

Rocks that form from the transformation of already existing rocks, through the actions of heat, pressure, fluids, and time

Back 25

Metamorphic

Front 26

Igneous rocks that cool when magma reaches the earths surface are

Back 26

Extrusive or volcanic

Front 27

Igneous rocks that cool before magma reaches the surface are

Back 27

intrusive or plutonic

Front 28

The longer it takes igneous rocks to cool =

Back 28

the larger the crystals

Front 29

Igneous rocks that experience a change in conditions during cooling

Back 29

porphyritic texture

Front 30

Lots of volatiles (fluids) remaining in melt, characterized by very large crystals

Back 30

pegmatitic texture

Front 31

volcanic rock with abundant vesicles

Back 31

Scoria

Front 32

composed of fragments ejected during violent eruption

Back 32

Pyroclastic

Front 33

a rock that consists of small ash-like fragments

Back 33

Tuff

Front 34

large body of intrusive igneous rock

Back 34

Pluton

Front 35

Pluton many square miles in area

Back 35

Batholith

Front 36

flat-lying sheet of smaller plutons

Back 36

Sill

Front 37

vertical sheet of plutons

Back 37

Dike

Front 38

Physical breakdown of rocks

Back 38

Mechanical Weathering

Front 39

water gets into cracks and freezes driving it further and further apart

Back 39

Frost wedging

Front 40

as overlying rocks are eroded it reduces the pressure on rocks beneath which expand and peel off like onion layers

Back 40

unloading

Front 41

decomposition or chemical alteration of rocks

Back 41

Chemical weathering

Front 42

the transport of material via an agent

Back 42

Erosion

Front 43

Mass- wasting

Back 43

Landslide

Front 44

more and more sediment accumulates, squeezes out air and water in underlying sediment

Back 44

Compaction

Front 45

water carrying chemicals travels through pores and voids, some chemicals precipitate between grains cementing them together

Back 45

Cementation

Front 46

Examples of foliated metamorphic rocks

Back 46

Slate, phyllite, schist, gneiss

Front 47

Examples of non-foliated metamorphic rocks

Back 47

Quartzite, marble

Front 48

Part of metamorphic rock begins to melt and recrystallize becoming igneous

Back 48

Migmatite