Geology 1050I Hawaii Volcanoes

Front 1

A large depression typically caused by collapse of the summit area of a volcano

Back 1

Caldera

Front 2

a ring of coral reef surrounding a central lagoon

Back 2

Atoll

Front 3

A depression at the summit of a volcano

Back 3

Crater

Front 4

Volcanic material explosively ejected during an eruption; includes ash, cinders and bombs

Back 4

Pyroclastics

Front 5

This word means cliff in the Hawaiian language

Back 5

Pali

Front 6

A tunnel in hardened lava that acts as a conduit for lava flows

Back 6

Lava Tube

Front 7

The zones of weakness on the flanks of these volcanoes along which most eruptive activity occurs are called

Back 7

Rifts

Front 8

What term describes the smooth or ropey textured fluid lava flows common in Hawaii?

Back 8

Pahoehoe

Front 9

What term describes the rough or clinkery lava flows common in Hawaii?

Back 9

a'a

Front 10

What is the name given to the theory that explains the location of the Hawaiian volcanoes in the middle of a plate rather than at a plate boundary?

Back 10

Hot Spot

Front 11

What is the name of the newest volcano in the Hawaiian chain, that is still submerged below sea level, and is believed to be located over the hot spot?

Back 11

Loihi

Front 12

Hawaii Volcanoes National Park contains two of the five shield volcanoes that make up the Big Island of Hawaii. Which 2 volcanoes are included in the park?

Back 12

Mauna Loa and Kilauea

Front 13

Where are the youngest islands in the Hawaiian chain located?

Back 13

In the far southeast end of the chain

Front 14

The volcanic rocks of the islands are primarily

Back 14

Extrusive, mafic, and low in silica

Dark-colored and high in magnesium and iron

Front 15

The activity associated with the Hawaiian volcanoes is generally considered

Back 15

Quiet and characterized by lava of low viscosity

Front 16

What is the typical composition of a lava flow in Hawaii?

Back 16

Basalt

Front 17

The current eruptions at Kilauea are occurring on the:

Back 17

East Rift Zone

Front 18

A large seismic sea wave that can be generated by a submarine landslide when part of an island slumps into the sea is called

Back 18

Tsunami

Front 19

A volcano that is dormant is

Back 19

Sleeping but activity may resume in the future

Front 20

The largest volcano on the Big Island is

Back 20

Mauna Loa

Front 21

The rocks in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park date from which geologic Era of time?

Back 21

Cenozoic

Front 22

The rocks in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park are less than 1 million years old. This places them in which geologic Period of time?

Back 22

Quaternary

Front 23

T/F Earthquakes are associated with volcanic activity on the Hawaiian islands

Back 23

True

Front 24

T/F The volcano may swell or tilt prior to an eruption as magma moves up in it.

Back 24

True

Front 25

The large volcanoes of the Hawaiian Islands are what type of volcano?

Back 25

Shield Volcano

Front 26

What happens with magma at divergent plate boundaries?

Back 26

Lava Erupts

Front 27

At which type of plate boundary does crust melt and sink, and the partial melting erupts to form volcanoes?

Back 27

Convergent

Front 28

Intraplate

Back 28

A stationary hot spot deep in the earth triggers volcanoes (Hawaii, Yellowstone)

Front 29

Pyroclastic Fragments/ Tephra

Back 29

explosively ejected “fire broken” materials

Front 30

Build up of pyroclastic fragments

Back 30

Cinder cones

Front 31

Glowing avalanches

Back 31

deadly pyroclastic flows

Front 32

Volcanic mudflow

Back 32

Lahar

Front 33

Which type of Caldera: magma drains away from the summit area to the sides to erupt in a rift zone, lack of support = collapse of summit

Back 33

Hawaiian Type

Front 34

Which type of Caldera: explosive eruption of large quantities of pyroclastic material erupt and cause a collapse again because of lack of support

Back 34

Crater lake type

Front 35

Which type of Caldera: large body of silica-rich magma moves up close to surface, upwarping overlaying rocks. Crust fractures in concentric rings which releases pressure on magma and allows huge explosions, lose support area collapses form huge caldera

Back 35

Yellowstone type

Front 36

The _____ the silica content, the ______ ______ the lava. And the _____ ______ the lava, the _____ violent the eruptions

Back 36

Lower, More fluid, more fluid, violent

Front 37

Flank eruptions result in ____ shield volcanoes

Back 37

Long

Front 38

when volcanoes get too tall the magma takes the path of least resistance erupting out the side in weak areas

Back 38

Rift

Front 39

when magma carrying gases erupts at the surface the pressure on the gas is released so they expand violently and propel red-hot lava high into the air

Back 39

Fire fountaining

Front 40

lava burns through a forest but leaves hardened lava to show where the trunks were

Back 40

Tree Mold

Front 41

mounds or hillocks on the surface of a pahoehoe flow formed when the crust of flow is pushed upward by the underneath

Back 41

Tumuli

Front 42

hawaiian word meaning hole

Back 42

Puka

Front 43

large openings or holes in the lava flow

Back 43

Kipuka

Front 44

as the volcano moves away from the hotspot lava becomes richer in sodium and potassium, more gaseous and more explosive

Back 44

Alkalic Capping stage