Geology 1000 Midterm 2

Front 1

belt of volcanoes along the margin of the pacific ocean

Back 1

Circum Pacific Ring of Fire

Front 2

intraplate volcanism is usually associated with a..

Back 2

mantle plume

Front 3

type volcanoes are located along the rim of pacific ocean

Back 3

composite volcanoes

Front 4

massive, intrusive bodies. frequently form cores of mountains

Back 4

batholiths

Front 5

tabular body of ingenous rock which cuts across layers of bedding in country rock

Back 5

dike

Front 6

steep-walled depression at the summit of volcano

Back 6

crater

Front 7

huge depression summit of a volcano produced by collapse of summit following a massive eruption

Back 7

caldera

Front 8

formed from a smooth, ropy-looking basaltic lava with low viscosity and has a twisted or ropey texture

Back 8

Pahoehoe basalt

Front 9

lava that issue numerous fissures and covering extensive areas to thickness of hundreds of kilometers

Back 9

flood basalt

Front 10

bulbous basaltic lava that solidifies underwater

Back 10

pillow basalt

Front 11

viscous basalt that is blocky appearing with sharp edges

Back 11

Aa basalt

Front 12

usually the two most abundant gases emitted during basaltic volcanism

Back 12

water and carbon dioxide

Front 13

incandescent volcanic debris buoyed up by hot gases that moves downslope in an avalanche fashion

Back 13

nuee ardente

Front 14

mudflows on slopes of volcano created when layers of ash and debris becomes saturated with water and move downslope

Back 14

lahar

Front 15

physical removal of material by a mobile agent such as running water, waves, wind or ice

Back 15

erosion

Front 16

transfer of rock and soil downslope under the influence of gravity is..

Back 16

mass wasting

Front 17

the spalling off of sheets of rock from the outer surface of parent rock

Back 17

exfoliation

Front 18

movement of material along a surface of failure is a ..

Back 18

slide

Front 19

the conversion of feldspar minerals to clay would be an example of

Back 19

chemical weathering

Front 20

land area that contributes water to a river system

Back 20

drainage basin

Front 21

the volume of water flowing past a certain point in a given unit of time

Back 21

discharge

Front 22

as water flows through a meander,

Back 22

erosion occurs on the outside bend, deposition on the inside bend

Front 23

bed load refers to..

Back 23

sediment transported by sliding and rolling along the stream bottom

Front 24

the maximum size of particles a stream can transport

Back 24

competence

Front 25

suspended load refers to

Back 25

the fine sediment carried within the water

Front 26

the ability of a solid to let fluid pass through it

Back 26

permeability

Front 27

the volume of voids or open space in a rock or unconsolidated material

Back 27

porosity

Front 28

downward movement of surface water into rock or soil through cracks and pore spaces

Back 28

infiltration

Front 29

permeable rock strata sediment that transmit ground water freely

Back 29

aquifer

Front 30

the distance of movement across a fault

Back 30

offset

Front 31

total length of break along the fault during an earthquake

Back 31

surface rupture length

Front 32

seismic waves that travel through the earth's interior

Back 32

body waves

Front 33

On a typical seismogram, _____ waves will show the highest amplitudes:

Back 33

surface

Front 34

The first seismic wave to reach a seismological observatory after an earthquake

Back 34

P wave

Front 35

The distance between a seismological recording station and the earthquake source is determined from

Back 35

arrival time of P and S waves

Front 36

developed relatively reliable intensity scale still used today

Back 36

Guiseppe Mercalli

Front 37

the total amount of energy released during an earthquake

Back 37

magnitude

Front 38

scale that takes into account the strength of the faulted rock, the amount of displacement and area of fault slipped

Back 38

Moment Magnitude scale

Front 39

map showing the intensity of damage in an area from an earthquake

Back 39

Isoseismal Map

Front 40

measure of the degree of earthquake shaking at a given locale based on the amount of damage

Back 40

intensity

Front 41

process in which stable soil is transformed into water-saturated, mobile material rising towards Earth's surface

Back 41

Liquefaction

Front 42

rapidly moving ocean wave that is generated by an earthquake.

Back 42

Tsunami

Front 43

For seismograph stations, which of the following statements is not correct

Back 43

At least two seismograph stations are required to locate an earthquake

Front 44

in open ocean, a tsunami wave

Back 44

is less than 3ft high

Front 45

most large tsunami are caused by

Back 45

vertical displacement along a thrust fault

Front 46

impermeable layer that prevents or hinders water movement

Back 46

acquitard

Front 47

_____ occupies broad lowlands at bases of steep mountains and from when one or more glaciers emerge from confining walls of mountain valleys

Back 47

Piedmont glaciers

Front 48

Broad glacier not confined by topography and with area greater than 50,000 square kilometers

Back 48

Ice sheet

Front 49

elongated glaciers confined within bedrock valleys

Back 49

alpine glaciers

Front 50

head of glacier

Back 50

cirque

Front 51

sharp, jagged crest along a divide between glacial cirques

Back 51

arete

Front 52

U-shaped valley that enters a larger glacial valley above its base, high up on the larger valley wall

Back 52

hanging valley

Front 53

drift

Back 53

any sediments of glacial origin

Front 54

rock fragment carried by a glacier away from outcrop from which it originated

Back 54

erratic

Front 55

NOT characteristic of continental glaciation

Back 55

Lateral Moraine

Front 56

Planar surface of glacial origin, consisting of beveled, scoured, grooved and scratched rocks in knobs

Back 56

ice-scoured plain

Front 57

ridge of till formed when two coalescing alpine glaciers merge

Back 57

medial moraine

Front 58

A small streamlined, asymmetrical bedrock knob

Back 58

Roche Moutonnee

Front 59

are thin, 1 -year pair of sedimentary layers grading upward from light coarse silt or sand layer (summer) to clayey, organic-rich layer (winter).

Back 59

varves

Front 60

dry lake composed of silt, clay and precipitated salts

Back 60

playa

Front 61

a stream that carries water in response to specific episodes of rainfall.

Back 61

ephemeral stream

Front 62

intermittent stream channel in the dry land areas of the western United States.

Back 62

wash

Front 63

the resistance pipe left standing after erosion has removed the volcanic cone

Back 63

volcanic neck