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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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extrusive sedimentary |
rhyolite, andesite, basalt more silica to less |
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intrusive sedimentary |
granite, diorite, gabbro more silica to less |
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granite/rhyolite |
highest silica othoclase, quartz, plagioclase |
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diorite/andesite |
intermediate plagioclase, amphibole |
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gabbro/basalt |
low silica plagioclase, pyroxene |
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sedimentary rocks |
granite, diorite, gabbro, rhyolite, andesite, basalt, conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, shale, evaporite, limestone, chert, coal |
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sandstone siltstone |
visible sand grains grains too small to see, orugh texture |
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shale |
smooth |
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evaporate |
crystalline, light colored crystals, sugary texture |
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limestone |
tan |
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chert |
hard and smooth, broken surfaces are glassy and opaque behaves like quartz |
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coal |
black and low densitym |
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metamorphic rocks |
slate, phyllite, schist, quartzite, marble, gneiss |
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quartzite |
really hard |
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schist |
stripy |
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gneiss |
swirly, big crystals, garnet |
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igneous rocks |
pumice, obsidian, scoria, granite |
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igneous |
rhyolite, andesite, basalt, granite, diorite, gabbro |
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sedimentary |
conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, shale evaporite, limestone, chert, coal |
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metamorphic |
slate, phyllite,schist, gneiss, quartzite, marble |
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crystal |
homogenous, naturally occuring solid, with specific chemical composition |
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extrusive |
grows fast, smaller crystals |
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intrusive |
bigger crystals |
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where do igenous melt |
hot spot, continental rift, subduction zone |
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transportation of sediment |
gravity, wind, water, ice |
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clastic |
physical breakdown of rocks gravel, silt, sand, clay |
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chemical |
dissolved material or organisms evaporite, shells, |
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situations causing metamorphism |
burial, presence of volcanic activity, presence of molten rock, hydrothermal fluids
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types of stress |
tension, compression, shear |
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tension |
horizontal pulling apart |
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compression |
pushing together horizontally |
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shear |
up and down |
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normal fault |
tensional stress |
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thrust fault |
compression
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strike-slip fault |
shear |
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horst and grabem |
graben below |
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causes of melting |
thermal energy, decompression melting(increase in pressure), flux melting(addition of volatiles), heat-transfer melting(magma from mantle rises) |
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chemical weathering |
dissolution, hydrolysis, oxidation |
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brittle |
material breaks along discrete planes(fault) |
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ductile |
material flows internally, stretch or fold |
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stress |
force applied divided by the cross-sectional area of material |
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strain |
deformation of the material in response to applied stress |
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stratigraphy |
examining strata, figuring out age relationships |
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relative age |
seqeunce of events |
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principle of original horizontality and continuity |
sediments laid down in horizontal layers and continuous across gaps |
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principle of superposition |
sediments pile on top of each other with older on bottom |
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unconformity |
gap in the record |
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joint fault |
crack crack where two sides have moved |
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half-life |
time it takes for half of radioactive atoms to decay |
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archaen |
methane and ammonia in atmosphere no free oxygen |
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proterozoic |
photosynthetic life appears oxygen released giant environmental disaster? |
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late proterozoic |
first multicellular fossils |
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cambiran |
cambrian explosion- appearance of most forms of animals we know |
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ordovician |
classes of animals narrow to ones we mostly know, mass extinction from glaciation wiped out 70% of species |
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silurian |
plants colonize land, spiders and centipedes |
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devonian |
plants diversify, first land insects and animals, mass extinction of marine species, armored fish |
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carboniferous |
lots of coal, swampy, tropical forest, lots of photosynthesis, |
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Permian |
assembly of pangea, first conifers, ends in largest mass extinction |
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triassic |
recovery from extinction, small dinosaurs become abundant |
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jurassic |
breakup of pangea, giant herbivore dinosaurs, first birds |
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cretaceous |
great diversification of dinosaurs |
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atomic nucleus |
protons and neutrons |
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metamorphic |
foliation |
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black |
hornblende |
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shiny and white |
quartz |
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crystals |
not sedimentary |
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gneiss |
garnet |
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andesite and diorite |
both porphyry diorite is more extrusive and lighter |
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obsidian |
glassy |
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coal |
smells organic growing on it |
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pink igneous |
rhyolite |
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pumice |
light, spewed out of volcano really fast |
