Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
How can spatial calculations of area and shape be applied to the spatial evaluation of polygon areas? |
Measurement of area - possible through several methods - dot count grid - grid square area - transect - polygon - planimeter
Measurement of shape - defined by comparing the perimeter length of an area to its area measured Determination of shape facilitates characterization of the area and its analysis. |
|
|
Centroid |
Mean center that replicates the balance point property in two dimensions |
|
|
MAT |
Also known as minimum aggregate travel, it refers to the point that minimizes the total straight-line distance. |
|
|
What are the major ways dispersion could be calculated and what are their primary characteristics and weaknesses? |
Range - only takes extremes into account.
Quartiles - minimizes extremes and measures dispersion in the middle of a dataset.
Mean deviation - gives understanding of how extreme numbers might be affecting the data and skewing results.
Variance - the mean square deviation that squares the results of absolute subtractions.
Standard deviation - the square root of the mean squared difference of the mean
Root mean square - focuses on the dispersion of observations about a true value
Simple measure of dispersion in 2D space - the mean distance from centroid |
|
|
Slope |
Magnitude of steepest tilt of a surface at a point |
|
|
Aspect |
Direction of steepest tilt defined by the surface at a point |
|
|
What are the two types of slope calculations and what is the implication of their differences? |
Tan(slope) - run as the horizontal distance between two points Sin(slope) - run as the diagonal distance between two points They imply a percent or ratio that can compare elevations to surrounding points |
|
|
What is meant by design-oriented analysis and how is it applied? |
Analysis of spatial data for improving project design. It is applied when dealing with the minimization of travel distance and cost of construction, and the maximization of profit. |
|
|
SDSS |
Referred as spatial-decision support system, they are specially adapted GIS that provide instant feedback for the evaluation of what-if scenarios |
|
|
Hakimi theorem |
For the minimization of distance, only the nodes need to be considered as it is impossible for optimum location to be anywhere else. |
|
|
Intervisibility |
Visibility of Point A on the surface from Point B. |
|
|
TSP |
Also known as Traveling-salesperson, it is a simple routing problem with multiple destinations. |
|
|
Confidence level |
Probability of the desired parameter value being in the confidence interval. |
|
|
What are the requirements of samples for hypothesis testing and why do these requirements pose an issue for geographic spatial analysis? |
Samples need to be random and independent. Study area cannot be just used as a sample for the larger geographic area Measurement derived are not independent because of spatial dependence Spatial heterogeneity of the Earth's surface means there is no such thing as an average place. |
|
|
What are the types of hypotheses? |
Null hypothesis - there is no effect/difference/change/relationship Alternative hypothesis - there is effect/difference/change/relationship |
|
|
How can one work with geographic data that is not random and independent and may not be representative of a larger population? |
Throw away data until the proportions of independence become acceptable.
Remaining data points are essentially independent as they are far apart. Abandon inference entirely and instead treat the results as descriptive of the study area. Make no attempt to generalize. |
