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163 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The August, 1999, earthquake in Turkey was devastating because
a.it occurred in a populated area b.it occurred following 100's of years of inactivity c. structures in the area are composed of brick and unreinforced concrete d.A and C e.all of the above |
D
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According to the elastic rebound theory:
a. rocks will bend before they break b. rocks will snap back into their original shape after faulting c. rocks will break when their capacity to store energy of deformation has been exceeded d. A and C e. all of the above |
E
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Seismology has produced a great amount of information about:
a. the mechanisms of plate tectonics b. the physical and chemical state of the Earth's interior c. the causes of mountain building d. A and B e. all of the above. |
E
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When an earthquake occurs
a. energy in the form of waves radiates from the point of release b. deformed rocks rebound releasing energy c. surface waves produce body waves d. A and B e. B and C |
D
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Seismology has produced a great amount of information about
a. the mechanisms of plate tectonics. b. the physical and chemical state of Earth's interior. c. the causes of mountain building. d. A and B e. all of the above |
E
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Only 5% of all earthquakes occur within:
a. the Mediterranean-Asiatic Belt b. the Circum-Mediterranean Belt c. the interiors of plates and mid-oceanic ridges d. the passive margins of continents and mid-oceanic ridges e. the shields of continents and mid-oceanic ridges. |
C
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An example of one of the strongest earthquakes known in North America in historical times of intraplate origin is:
a. the 1811 New Madrid, Missouri earthquake b. the 1886 Charleston, Carolina earthquake c. the 1906 San Francisco earthquake d. the 1964 Anchorage, Alaska earthquake e. the 1984 Mount St. Helens, Washington earthquake |
A
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How many earthquakes strong enough to be felt by someone are recorded by seismographs each year?
a. 15,000 b. 150,000 c. 9,000 d. 900,000 e. 90,000. |
B
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Which of the following is not a factor affecting earthquake intensity?:
a. distance from the epicenter b. depth of the hypocenter c. population density d. duration of shaking e. the time elapsed since the last earthquake. |
E
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The magnitude of in earthquake measures:
a. its intensity b. the damage created c. the energy released d. the duration of trembling e. A and D. |
C
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Which of the following does NOT tend to increase the stability of a slope?
a. decreasing slope angle b. diverting drainage from the slope c. maintaining or planting vegetation d. building houses to cover the slope e. building a retaining wall at the base of the slope |
D
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All other factors being equal, the chance of mass wasting is increased by
a. the amount of material involved. b. the lack of friction on the slope. c. the angle of the slope. d. the kind of event which initiates the mass wasting. e. whether there exists a positive or negative gravity anomaly. |
C
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After gravity, the major cause of mass wasting is
a. slope gradient. b. weakening by weathering. c. overloading. d. vegetation loss. e. increased water content. |
A
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Mass wasting is more likely to occur in
a. deeply weathered material. b. thin layers of loose material. c. bedrock. d. well sorted material. e. material of large grain size. |
A
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Among the types of slides are
a. slumps. b. rock slides. c. mudflows. d. A and B e. all of the above |
D
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Mudflows are particularly common in climates which are
a. humid and warm. b. temperate. c. arid to semi-arid. d. cool. e. very rainy. |
C
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Creep would be expected in
a. a humid climate b. a semi-arid climate c. an arid climate d. B and C e. any climate |
A
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Geologists and engineers can reduce the potential for mass wasting by
a. adding external support along the base of a slope b. not planning developments on unstable slopes c. altering the subsurface geology d. A and B e. all of the above |
D
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The Aberfan disaster could have been avoided if the tip had
a. not been located on a steep slope. b. been located farther away from the school c. not been located over an area of known springs d. been made of coarser material e. been vegetated |
C
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Flooding in Johnstown, PA, in 1889 was disastrous and deadly because
a. the town was built on a floodplain b. the flood wave traveled at velocities as high as 60 km/hr c. 20-25 cm of rain fell over a 24 hour period d. an upstream dam failed e. all of the above |
E
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Sheet flow is most likely to occur in areas with
a. dense vegetation b. low infiltration capacity c. climates with high rainfall d. large depressions e. laminar flow |
B
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Velocity increases downstream because
a. roughness decreases b. discharge increases c. width and depth increases d. B and C e. all of the above Velocity increases downstream because a. roughness decreases b. discharge increases c. width and depth increases d. B and C e. all of the above |
E
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Erosion of the streambed occurs by
a. hydraulic action b. abrasion c. dissolution d. all of the above |
D
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. Which of the following drainage patterns would be expected to develop in flat-lying sedimentary rocks?
a. trellis b. dendritic c. rectangular d. radial e. meandering |
B
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The trellis drainage pattern develops under which of the following sets of conditions?
a. flat-lying sedimentary rocks b. from a central high like a volcano c. in tilted sedimentary rocks d. in metamorphic rock terrains e. in fractured rock |
C
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A graded stream represents a balance between which of the following variables?
a. gradient and channel characteristics b. flow velocity c. sediment load d. A and B e. all of the above |
E
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Stream terraces will develop if
a. sediment supply to the stream increases b. base level is lowered c. the capacity of the stream decreases d. discharge decreases e. a dam is built downstream |
B
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Which of the following describes a well-developed or "old" stream valley?
a. valleys are v-shaped and narrow with an irregular profile b. streams meander with a narrow floodplain and relatively smooth profile c. a broad, flat floodplain with a meandering stream, oxbow lakes, and a graded profile d. none of the above |
C
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Which of the following is most porous:
a. shale b. siltstone c. gravel d. granite e. schist. |
C
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Which of the following is most permeable:
a. shale b. siltstone c. arkose d. granite e. quartzite. |
C
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An example of a rock type that could be a good aquifer is:
a. shale b. quartz sandstone c. claystone d. basalt e. marble. |
B
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An example of a rock/sediment type that could be an effective aquiclude is:
a. quartz sandstone b. arkose c. gravel d. shale e. graywacke. |
D
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Conditions needed for the development of karst topography include:
a. humid climate b. and climate c. carbonate bedrock at a shallow depth d. A and C e. all of the above. |
D
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Which of the following would be considered groundwater?
a. water infiltrating from lakes and streams b. water infiltrating from precipitation c. water infiltrating from septic systems d. water infiltrating from the base of glaciers e. all of the above |
E
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An example of a rock/sediment type which could be an effective aquiclude is
a. quartz sandstone. b. arkose. c. gravel. d. shale. e. graywacke. |
D
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Within the zone of saturation, water always moves
a. under the influence of gravity b. from high topographic positions to low topographic positions c. from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure d. A and B e. all of the above |
C
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Springs occur where
a. streams have cut valleys below the regional water table b. where an impermeable layer intersects the surface c. where a perched water table intersects the surface d. seepage occurs at the surface e. all of the above. |
E
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The Dakota Sandstone and Florida Aquifer are threatened primarily by
a. pollution. b. subsidence. c. saltwater intrusion. d. depletion. e. lack of recharge. |
D
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The water table is lowered when
a. discharge is less than recharge b. drought occurs c. water quality decreases d. soil moisture is evaporated e. A and D |
A
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Recharge of groundwater is affected by
a. climate change b. seasonality of climate c. land use and cover d. pathways of groundwater movement e. all of the above |
E
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. Current production of groundwater from the High Plains Aquifer cannot be sustained because
a. the small farmer is increasingly not viable b. recharge is less than discharge c. discharge is less than recharge d. global climate is warming because of human impacts e. irrigation will decrease in the future |
B
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During an Ice Age, which of the following occur?
a. warm, dry climates outside the glaciated area are more humid and cool b. continental and valley glaciers advance c. sea level is lowered d. B and C e. all of the above |
E
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Glaciers exist at
a. high latitudes and/or high altitudes b. high latitudes and/or low altitudes c. low latitudes and/or high altitudes d. low latitudes and/or low altitudes |
A
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Which of the following erosional landforms would be found in the zone of accumulation of a valley glacier?
a. cirques, aretes, and eskers b. cirques, eskers, and moraines c. cirques, aretes, and horns d. aretes, horns, and moraines e. cirques, horns, and moraines |
C
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Which of the following deposits or depositional landforms might generally be found along the terminus of a valley glacier?
a. u-shaped trough, terminal and recessional moraines, outwash b. terminal and recessional moraines, kettles, hanging valleys c. roche moutonnée, terminal and recessional moraines, outwash d. striations, eskers, outwash e. terminal and recessional moraines, outwash, till |
E
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Glaciers move by
a. plastic flow b. basal slip c. surge d. A and B e. all of the above |
E
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Glaciers advance under which of the following set of conditions?
a. accumulation equals wastage b. accumulation is less than wastage c. accumulation is greater than wastage d. none of the above |
C
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In a cross-section of a glacier, the greatest flow velocities occur
a. at the surface. b. in the few tens of meters below the surface. c. in the few tens of meters above the base. d. at the base. e. in the center of the flow. |
B
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Glacial erosion occurs
a. only in the zone of accumulation b. in the zone of accumulation and the zone of wastage c. only in the zone of wastage d. in the zone of wastage and in the proglacial area e. only in the proglacial area |
B
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The primary difference between valley glaciers and continental ice sheets is that
a. the ice sheets do not flow b. the valley glaciers form at high altitudes while the ice sheets form at high latitudes c. the valley glaciers form in warm periods as well as cold periods d. the ice sheets initially develop at the poles and valley glaciers can develop in any mountain chain e. ice sheets are larger than valley glaciers |
B
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The visually most-striking features of past glaciation by most people's standards would be viewed in
a. the former zone of accumulation of continental ice sheets b. the former zone of accumulation of valley glaciers c. the former zone of wastage of continental ice sheets d. the former zone of wastage of valley glaciers e. A and B |
B
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Which of the following combinations of depositional landforms would be formed from glacial till?
a. all moraines, eskers, and kames b. eskers and kames, outwash plains, and valley trains c. end moraines, medial and lateral moraines, and drumlins d. all moraines, drumlins, and valley trains |
C
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Which of the following combinations of depositional landforms would be formed from glacial outwash?
a. all moraines, eskers, and kames b. eskers and kames, outwash plains, and valley trains c. end moraines, medial and lateral moraines, and drumlins d. all moraines, drumlins, and valley trains |
B
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Milankovitch theory proposes that the glacial-interglacial cycles of the Pleistocene was NOT the result of
a. orbital eccentricity b. precession of the equinoxes c. changes in axial tilt d. sun spot activity e. irregularities in earth's orbit |
D
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Wind-blown sand is generally moved in
a. water b. suspension load c. saltating load d. debris flows e. A and C |
C
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Desertification is the result of which of the following factors:
a. global warming b. cropping marginal lands c. overgrazing marginal lands d. clearing of natural vegetation e. all of the above |
E
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Which of the following landforms are NOT formed in deserts?
a. sand dunes b. inselbergs c. alluvial fans d. playa lakes e. none of the above |
E
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Silt- and clay-sized sediment in deserts are moved
a. by suspension b. by saltation c. in solution d. by erosion |
A
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Wind is capable of erosion by which of the following process(es)?
a. saltation b. suspension c. abrasion d. deflation e. B and C |
E
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Ventifacts would support which of the following hypotheses?
a. wind is the major agent of erosion in deserts b. wind-blown sediment is capable of abrasion c. venting is a major means of erosion in deserts d. wind is capable of scouring soft rock e. A and B |
B
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Ventifacts on the north-facing side of a surface stone would suggest that the prevailing direction of wind is FROM the
a. north b. south c. east d. west |
A
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Sand dunes result when
a. sand supply is plentiful b. wind direction is consistently in one direction c. vegetation is sparse d. A and C e. all of the above |
D
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In low relief terrain with limited vegetation, limited sand supply, and a constant wind direction, which of the following dune types will develop?
a. barchan dunes b. longitudinal dunes c. transverse dunes d. parabolic dunes e. star dunes |
A
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In low relief terrain with limited vegetation, abundant sand supply, and a constant wind direction, which of the following dune types will develop?
a. barchan dunes b. longitudinal dunes c. transverse dunes d. parabolic dunes e. star dunes |
C
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. The source of loess is
a. floodplains of rivers b. deserts c. glacial outwash d. A and C e. all of the above |
D
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Which of the following statements is accurate concerning deserts?
a. the processes and landforms in deserts are unique to deserts b. the geologic processes operating in deserts also operate in other environments c. the extent of deserts is constant over time and will not likely change in the future d. deserts are an ephemeral feature, present only until vegetation can stabilize sediment |
B
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Black smokers and hydrothermal vents do NOT produce which of the following:
a. sulfur-rich water that supports unusual communities of chemosynthetic bacteria and previously unknown animals b. mounds of black carbon and graphite brought up in solution from the basalt below c. mounds of metal-rich sediments including iron, copper, zinc, silver and gold ores d. pools of metal-rich brines e. many of the worlds' deposits of ores within basaltic crust such as the Cyprus Troodos Massif. |
B
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Until approximately 200 years ago the ocean floor was believed to be:
a. unfathomable, stretching to nearly the center of the Earth b. covered by sediments thousands of kilometers in thickness c. a flat featureless plain of sediments d. populated by sea monsters e. riddled with caverns extending to the center of the Earth |
C
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Continental shelves are narrowest when associated with:
a. an absence of earthquakes and volcanism b. regions where larger continents once rifted apart c. island arcs, volcanism and oceanic trenches d. passive margins e. submarine canyons. |
C
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If the amount of sediment available to a shoreline from inland sources decreases, nearby beaches will experience which of the following?
a. deposition b. no change c. erosion d. no net change but the shoreline will migrate landward e. no net change but the shoreline will migrate seaward |
C
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Neap tides are small because
a. not as much water is in the ocean system at this time b. winds are offshore during the fall c. the moon's influence on tides is counteracted by the sun's d. the moon is furthest from earth during the fall. |
C
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Water in waves is displaced from the circular orbits when
a. waves enter progressively shallower water. b. seas become swells. c. waves reach great heights. d. waves reach great lengths. e. winds reach a critical velocity. |
A
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Longshore currents occur because of
a. shore parallel ocean currents like the Gulf stream b. refraction of incoming waves c. offshore winds interacting with incoming waves d. river-like currents running between the shoreline and offshore bars e. rogue waves |
B
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. The change in beach profiles over time is another example of
a. uniformitarianism. b. catastrophism. c. continual progressive change. d. cyclicity and equilibrium or balancing change. e. the lack of any significant change over time. |
D
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Baymouth bars or spits occur because
a. sand is transported parallel to shore b. river sediments are deposited at their mouths c. too much sediment is in the system d. incoming offshore waves and currents collide with outgoing river currents e. all of the above |
A
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The continental shelf encompassed by the EEZ yields:
a. 27% of the oil and gas produced by the U.S. b. 1.7% of the oil and gas produced by the U.S. c. 17 % of the oil and gas produced by the U.S. d. 10 % of the oil and gas produced by the U.S. e. 7 % of the oil and gas produced by the U.S. |
C
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Among the mineral resources NOT found in deep sea sediments are:
a. manganese nodules b. sand and gravel c. reef rock d. iron, copper, and zinc e. nickel and cobalt. |
C
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The time equivalence of strata is determined by:
a. correlation of unusual lithologies b. correlation of key beds c. correlation of fossils d. lateral tracing e. superposition. |
C
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Sedimentary rock unit A is cut by igneous rock unit B and is on top of sedimentary rock unit C. Which of the following sequences, from oldest to youngest is correct?
a. A, B, C b. C, B, A c. A, C, B d. C, A, B |
D
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The time equivalence of strata is determined by
a. correlation of unusual lithologies. b. correlation of key beds. c. correlation of fossils. d. lateral tracing. e. superposition. |
C
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The time equivalence of rock units separated by great distances (e.g., an ocean) or where outcrop is minimal can be determined by
a. lateral tracing of units b. key beds or marker beds c. index fossils d. rock sequences e. all of the above |
C
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Which of the following rocks, rock sequences, or rock formations is representative of the Archean?
a. Acasta Gneiss b. Sauk Sequence c. Navajo Sandstone d. Morrison Formation e. Chinle Formation |
A
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Which of the following rocks, rock sequences, or rock formations is representative of North America during the late Proterozoic and early Paleozoic?
a. Acasta Gneiss b. Sauk Sequence c. Navajo Sandstone d. Morrison Formation e. Chinle Formation |
B
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Which of the following orogenies produced mountains in the Cordillera area of the craton during the Devonian and Mississippian Periods?
a. Cordilleran b. Alleghenian c. Taconic d. Antler e. Acadian |
D
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Which of the following was the earliest of the orogenies that contributed to the Appalachian Mountains during the Paleozoic?
a. Cordilleran b. Alleghenian c. Taconic d. Antler e. Acadian |
C
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Which of the following was(were) the dominant landmass(es) during the Permian?
a. Pangea b. Panthalassa c. Laurentia d. Gondwana e. C and D |
A
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Paleozoic-age rocks contain which of the following resources?
a. Precious metals b. Evaporites c. Petroleum and natural gas d. Silica sand e. All of the above |
E
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An apron of rock at the base of the cliff is called
a. debris b. rock mass c. soil d. sediment e. talus |
E
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Which of the following is not true of tsunami
a. very long wavelength b. high wave amplitude in deep water c. very fast moving d. continued flooding after wave crest hits shore e. may be triggered by submarine volcanic activity |
B all others are true of Tsunamis, there waves only get really high (amplitude) when they hit shallow water
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Rocks deform in response to
a compressional stresses b. tensional stresses c. shear stresses d. A and B. e. all of the above |
E
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Glaciers primarily move in response to
a. surge b. basal slip c. elastic flow d. plastic flow e. brittle slip |
e plastic flow is responsible for most movement: basal slip, this is the actual glacier moving, plastic flow occurs within the ice mass itself
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During an earthquake the lithosphere behaves as a/an ..... solid
a. plastically deformed b. elastically deformed c. brittle deformed d. A and C e. none of the above |
a. plastically deformed
c. brittle deformed |
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Metamorphic rocks with a planar texture are said to be
a. concordant b. discordant c. foliated d. non-foliated e.massive |
c
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Long shore currents can occur because:
a. shore parallel ocean currents like Gulf Stream b. refraction of incoming waves c. offshore winds interacting with incoming waves d. river currents running between the shoreline and offshore bars e. rough waves |
b. refraction of incoming waves
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The ability of a mineral to break along a preferred direction is called
a. fracture b. habit c. hardness d. faulting e. cleavage |
e clevage
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What is the slowest type of mass wasting process
a. debris flow b. rock fall c. rock slide d. creep e. avalanche |
d. Creep
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The water table is lowered when
a. discharge is less than recharge b. drought occurs c. water quality decreases d. soil moisture is evaporated e. A and D |
b drought occurs
(if discharge is less than recharge, then more water flows in then out, also that is for a well more than a W.T.) |
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During an Ice Age which of the following occur?
a. warm dry climates outside glaciated areas are more humid and cool b. continental and valley glaciers advance c. sea level is lowered d. B and C e. all of the above |
d. globe is more dry and cold not humid
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Glacial erosion occurs
a. only in the zone of accumulations b. in the zone of accumulation and the zone of wastage c. only in the zone of wastage d. in the zone of wastage and the proglacial region e. only in the proglacial region |
b. in both zones, in accumulation plucking happens, zone of wastage as glacier melts and flows rocks carried in it erode bedrock beneath glacier
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Which would characterize a depositional coast
a. barrier island b. sea cliffs c. arches d. sea stacks e. fjords |
a. barrier island are deposited sediments, none of the other features are formed by deposition.
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The total area drained by a stream and its tributaries is called the
a. head waters b. hydro logic cycle c. tributary area d. drainage basin e. watershed |
d. drainage basin see page 2 of river lecture
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Rocks that exhibit the effects of plastic deformation
a. must have originated along a divergent p[late boundary b. must have been subjected to compressional stress c. must have occurred deep within the crust d. must have been associated with intrusive activity e. A and D |
c. brittle near surface, failure not plastic behaviours
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Which is not a type of glacier
a. valley glacier b. ice sheet c. ice cap d. receding glacier e. sea ice |
e sea ice
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Pebbles are MOST likely to be transported in a stream's
a. traction bed load b. suspended load c. dissolved load d. saltation bed load e. pebbles are not transported by streams |
d Saltation bed load
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The point within the Earth where Seismic waves orginiate is called the
a. focus b. fault scrap c. benioff zone d. epicenter e. seismic gap |
a Focus
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Groundwater accounts for:
a. 2% of the hydrosphere and 98% of the total amount of fresh water b. 2% of the hydrosphere and 25% of the total amount of freshwater c. 0.65% of the hydrosphere and 98% of the total amount of freshwater d. 0.65%% of the hydrosphere and 25% of the total amount of freshwater e. 0.65%% of the hydrosphere and ~1% of the total amount of freshwater |
C. check page 2 of Lecture 9
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A broad ramp of sediment formed at the base of mountains where alluvial fans merge is
a. a playa b. a pediment c. a bajada d. an arroyo e. a chimichanga |
c. a bajada, google it
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Glaciers exist at
a. high latitude and or low altitudes b. high latitudes and or high altitudes c. low latitudes and or low altitudes d. low latitudes and or high altitudes e. at any latitude. |
b. high latitudes and or high altitudes, ie alps or north pole
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Which of the following does NOT tend to increase the stability of a slope?
a, decreasing the slope angle b. diverting drainage from the slope c. maintaining or planting vegetation d. building houses to cover the slope e. building houses to cover the slope |
d building houses on an unstable hill not a good idea
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A residual soil is one that develops from
a. in place weathering of bedrock b. the removal of all nutrients from the top layer c. mineralization in the B horizon d. regolith brought in from some other region e mechanical weathering only |
a in place weathering of bedrock
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Karst topography forms in areas where bedrock is composed of
a. siltstones, mudstrones and claystones b. metamorphic rocks c. sand and gravel d. sandstone e. carbonate rocks |
e carbonate rocks
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Sheet flow is most likely to occur in areas with
a. dense vegetation b. low infiltration capacity c. climates with high rainfall d. large depressions e. high topography |
b. low infiltration capacity
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Which of the following drainage patterns would be expected to develop in flat lying sedimentary rocks?
a trellis b. dentritic c. rectangular d. radial e. meandering |
b. dendrititc looked up the others, all were for either bedrock or tilted sediment
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The last Ice Age to affect North America ended approximately ..... years ago
a. 2000 b. 5000 c. 10 000 d. 18 000 e. 22 000 |
c 10 000
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Sand deposits on the inside of meander curves are called
a. river dunes b. cutbanks c. point bars d. A and C e. none of the above |
c point bars
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A surface of closely packed pebbles in a desert environment is called
a. desert varish b. deflation c. a blow out d. desert pavement e. desert soil |
d desert pavement check google
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The major source of groundwater is
a. water infiltrating from lakes and streams b. recharge ponds c. precipitation that infiltrates groundwater d. infiltration from oceans e. glaciers |
precipitation that infiltrates the ground
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Littoral drift is transported by
a. rip tides b storm waves c. high tides d. long shore currents e. breaker waves |
d. longshore current
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Where is chemical weathering most effective
a. warm, dry climates b. warm, wet climates c. cool, dry climates d. cool, wet climates e. at the shoreline |
b. warm wet climates
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Which of the following is an agent of mechanical weathering
a. plant wedging b. hydration c. oxidation d. carbonation e. solution |
a plant wedging
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which of the following minerals is most rapidly dissolved by carbonic acid (rainwater)?
a. plagioclase group b. olivine c. calcite d. quartz e. clay group |
c Calcite
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The most important source of acid for chemical weathering is
a. volcanic gasses b. plant decay c. acidic water draining from mines d. hot springs e. carbon dioxide dissolved in water |
e carbon dioxide form the atmosphere dissolved in water
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Some of the best agricultural soil in the Midwestern US is a wind transported sediment ground fine by glaciers and it is called
a Ioess b bauxite c. calciche |
A Loess
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a dome is a variety of a
a. syncline b. anticline c. monocline d. fault e. none of these |
B anticline its many anticlines together
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A basin is a variety of
a. syncline b anticline c. moncline d. fault e. none of these |
a syncline
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Which of the following is caused by crustal tension?
a. thrust fault b. reverse fault c. monocline d. anticline e. normal fault |
e Normal fault, all others caused by compressive forces
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The San Andreas fault of Southern California is what type of fault?
a. thrust b. reverse c. normal d. strike slip e. dip slip |
d. strike slip
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What is the type of fault in which the hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall?
a. normal b. reverse c. thrust d. strike slip e. inverse |
b. and c. thrust at lower angle is a type of reverse fault
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When Geologists speak of joints what are they discussing?
a an illegal tobacco b a break in the earth's crust along which movement has taken place c. the flank of syncline d a hinge line e. a break in the Earth's crust along which there has been no apparent movement |
b a break in the earth's crust along which movement has taken place
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If the limbs of a fold point in the same direction, they are
a overturned folds b isoclinal folds c plunging folds |
a overturned
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Geographically, where do most earthquake centers (focci) occur?
a. in a line along the equator b.at the boundary between continental crust and oceanic crust c. along boundaries between lithospheric plates d. along shorelines |
C along boundaries between lithosphere plates
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What is the first earthquake wave to arrive at an earthquake measuring instrument?
a long wave b surface wave c primary wave d secondary wave e rayleigh wave |
c primary wave
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Secondary (S) seismic waves are
a x rays b compressional waves c transverse (shear) waves d gamma (short) waves e. surface waves |
c Transverse shear waves
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Primary (P) seismic waves are
a x rays b compressional waves c transverse (shear) waves d gamma (short) waves e. surface waves |
b compressional waves
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Which type of seismic wave passes through the earth's core?
a x rays b long wave c short wave d primary wave e. secondary wave |
Primary wave
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What is the minimum number of earthquake recording stations necessary to pinpoint the location of the origin of the earthquake?
a 1 b 2 c 3 d 4 e 5 |
c 3 triangulation
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In order of arrival of seismic waves at a recording station is
a all waves arrive simultaneously b surface waves, then body waves c. S waves L waves P Waves d. P waves, L Waves, S waves e P waves, S waves, L waves |
e P waves, S waves, L waves
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What is the largest river in North America
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Mississippi River
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Where do rivers obtain their energy?
a. heat b. gravity c. electricity d. friction e radioactivity |
b Gravity
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Which of the following does NOT influence a river's velocity?
a amount of load b volume of water c. gradient d roughness channel e. direction of flow |
A amount of load ( this depends on the rivers velocity)
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The curving bends that characterize many rivers are called
a ox bows b horseshoes c. snakes d meanders e deflections |
d meanders
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High sinuosity rivers with tight loops commonly change their channel location by cutting through a new route. What is the term we apply to the abandoned portion of the channel?
a. meander bends b. cut banks c. braided rivers d, oxbow lakes e impoundments |
d oxbow lakes
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What is the term applied to the mass of sediment deposited at the mouth of a river where the river enters a standing body of water?
a. alluvial fan b. mud lump c. delta d submarine fan e island |
delta
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Stream erosion and deposition are primarily controlled by a river's
a width b velocity c depth d length e channel shape |
b velocity
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What happens to porosity as grain size gets smaller?
a it increase b it decreases c is unchanged |
C is unchanged
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What happens to permeability as the grain size gets smaller
a it increase b it decreases c is unchanged |
B it decreases
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What is the term used for the rate of flow of fluids through a porous medium?
a Bernoulli rate b Porosity flow c Permeability d Void flow e Venting |
B porosity flow
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From where does groundwater come from?
a water trapped in sediment b volcanoes c weathering d meteoric (precipitation) e water from the center of the earth |
d precipitation
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What indicates the presence of a perched water table
a river b artesian wells c monadnock d a swamp e a spring |
e a spring
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What do we call the cone-shaped deposits of calcium carbonate found on the ceilings of caves?
a stalagmites b dropstone c stalactites d columns e marble |
c stalactites
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Which one of the following rock types make the best aquifer?
a granite b shale c sandstone d halite e basalt |
C handstone
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What causes the retreat of ice in a glacier
a. stangnation of the ice b melting equal to the rate of advance c rate of advance greater than the rate of melting d rate of melting greater than the rate of advance e reduction in the size of ice crystals with increased temperatures |
d rate of melting greater than the rate of advance
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Moraines are hills made up of
a loess b river sediments c sand d eskers e till |
e till
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What is the term used for a hill of til formed at the melting edge of a glacier?
a lateral moraine b drummlin c. esker d medial moraine e end moraine |
e End Moraine
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The boundary between the zones of wastage and accumulation in a glacier is
a the firn limit b the rigid layer c the ice fall d where calving takes place |
A the firn limit
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What is the DOMINANT agent of erosion in a desert
a wind b water c mass wasting d glaciers e gravity |
a wind
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a limited sand supply favors the development of
a barchans b beach dunes c transverse dunes d parabolic dunes e longitudinal dunes |
a barchans
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Large areas of continental crust that has been stable for long periods of time and forms the interior of continents is called
a plateaus b plains c mountains d seas e cratons |
E craton
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Mountains form by:
a folding b faulting c volcanic activity d erosion e all of the above |
E all of the above
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Neglecting water frozen in glaciers, fresh water comprises % of the water on earth
a over 70 percent b about 50 c about 10 d <1 |
D about 0.65%
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Which of the following contribute to weathering?
a organism such as worms bacteria and trees b oxygen and carbon dioxide in the air c rain water d organic acids e all of the above |
E
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Weathering is classified into which of the following categories?
a mechanisitc and compositional b mechanical and physical c chemical and mechanical d physical and chemical e organic and inorganic |
D physical and chemical
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A source of CO2 for carbonic acid is
a the atmosphere b soil c groundwater d surface water e all of the above |
the atmosphere
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