Geol 3015 Final

Front 1

Quartz is harder than feldspar

Back 1

T

Front 2

Minerals with crystals do not always have good cleavage

Back 2

T

Front 3

the average length of day is not increasing because of the earths rotation is slowing but because of the angle of the earth

Back 3

T

Front 4

Earthquakes can have a greater magnitude than 9.0

Back 4

T Chile and some other places

Front 5

The core is probably composed of iron. The upper mantle is composed of peridotite.

Back 5

T

Front 6

Both slide and slump movement are classified as slip movement.

Back 6

T

Front 7

Water table is the top surface of saturated zone.

Back 7

T

Front 8

In a receding glacier, ice flows up-valley.

Back 8

T

Front 9

A glacier with a balanced budget can still be moving

Back 9

T

Front 10

Wave velocity depends entirely on wind velocity and duration.

Back 10

T

Front 11

A wave with a wavelength of 50m will being to feel the ocean bottom when the ocean depth is less than 25m.

Back 11

T

Front 12

The direction of dip is always perpendicular to the direction of strike.

Back 12

T

Front 13

Crustal rebound, the indirect effect of glaciation is a manifestation of elastic deformation.

Back 13

T

Front 14

The focus of an earthquake is the point within the earth where the seismic waves originate.

Back 14

T

Front 15

Most earthquakes are shallow-focus earth quakes 90% occur at depths < 100km

Back 15

T

Front 16

Average geothermal gradient near the earth's surface about 25 degrees C a km. is not constant through the earth but decreases with depth.

Back 16

T

Front 17

Volcanism is an important process along all 3 types of plate boundaries.

Back 17

T

Front 18

Tsunamis are small amplitude waves, which could overturn a ship at sea.

Back 18

T

Front 19

(1) Earthquakes occur because brittle rock near earth surface undergo elastic deformation and rebound following rupture.

Back 19

T

Front 20

Seismic waves are like water waves in that they radiate outward across Earth';s surface from the point of disturbance.

Back 20

F

Front 21

Aftershocks do not cause much damage.

Back 21

F

Front 22

The majority of earthquakes occur along the circum-Pacific belt and are due to convergent plate activity.

Back 22

T

Front 23

The modified Mercalli Intensity Scale is a subjective scale to measure the destructive effects of an earthquake

Back 23

T

Front 24

The type of building construction and population density in the area of an earthquake are factors that can affect the intensity on the modified mercalli intensity scale.

Back 24

T

Front 25

Landslides and ground liquefaction are significant sources of danger created by earthquakes.

Back 25

T

Front 26

Tsunamis are significant sources of danger created by earthquakes

Back 26

T

Front 27

Rectangular box-shaped building are less stable than irregularly-shaped building with sections of different number of stories.

Back 27

F

Front 28

Some mass wasting occurs at almost imperceptibility slow rates.

Back 28

T

Front 29

unlike volcanoes and earthquakes damages due to mass wasting are not significant in the U.S.

Back 29

F

Front 30

The removal of vegetation is a significant cause of slope failure and mass wastage.

Back 30

T

Front 31

Overloading of a slope is not often the result of human action

Back 31

F

Front 32

Creep occurs only on weathered or soil-covered surfaces of moderate slope.

Back 32

F

Front 33

Creep usually involves only small areas such as the steepest portion of a hillside.

Back 33

F

Front 34

Solifluction is not a serious economic problem because it occurs mainly in unpopulated areas.

Back 34

F

Front 35

Slow mass movement transports a greater volume of material than does rapid mass movement

Back 35

T

Front 36

Slumps occur most commonly in well consolidated material

Back 36

F

Front 37

Most large mass movement can be prevent given sufficient study and planning.

Back 37

F

Front 38

By percentage volume most of the water in the hydrological cycle is limited to cycling between oceans and atmospheres.

Back 38

T

Front 39

Runoff occurs when the rate of rainfall is greater than the infiltration capacity of the soil on which it is occurring

Back 39

T

Front 40

The gradient of a stream does not change over the length of the stream

Back 40

F

Front 41

Streams with broad, shallow channels and narrow, deep channel have a higher flow velocity than do those with semi circular channels.

Back 41

F

Front 42

Most of a streams kinetic energy is involved in eroding and transporting sediment

Back 42

F

Front 43

Mass wasting cab be important source of sediment carried in a stream

Back 43

T

Front 44

A large stream will tend to have a great competency but little capacity

Back 44

F

Front 45

Meandering streams have semi-circular cross-sections along most of their length

Back 45

F

Front 46

A dendritic draingainge pattern develops

Back 46

F

Front 47

Streams and stream valleys are the result of erosion of the stream along its length to base level

Back 47

F

Front 48

Along a graded stream, no sediment is eroded, transported or deposited.

Back 48

F

Front 49

Groundwater supply demands have resulted in increased pollution but no lack of supply

Back 49

F

Front 50

Groundwater represent the majority of the Earth's usable fresh water.

Back 50

F

Front 51

Groundwater moves from areas of high water pressure to areas of low water pressure

Back 51

T

Front 52

Rocks such as limestone, granite and gneiss cannot be groundwater reservoirs.

Back 52

F

Front 53

A poorly sorted porous rock/sediment is as permeable as a well sorted porous rock/sediment.

Back 53

F

Front 54

In a hilly country the groundwater table's highest elevation occurs in stream valleys and around lakes.

Back 54

F

Front 55

The zone of saturation extends to an indefinite depth

Back 55

F

Front 56

Subsidence can occur as the result of extraction of oil.

Back 56

T

Front 57

Glaciers are geologically important because they erode, transport, and deposit so much material in such a relatively short period of geologic time.

Back 57

T

Front 58

Sublimation is the loss of water by melting and infiltration at the base of the glacier

Back 58

F

Front 59

Basal slip becomes more important means of glacier movement in warmer months when more meltwater collects at a glacier's base.

Back 59

T

Front 60

U-trough valleys are characteristic of continental glaciers.

Back 60

F

Front 61

Glacial drift refers to the poorly-sorted and unstratified sediment rafted by continental and valley glaciers.

Back 61

F

Front 62

Moraines are formed from outwash bulldozed by the glacier along its terminus.

Back 62

F

Front 63

According to the Milankovitch theory, small irregularities in Earth's rotation and orbit were sufficient to caused Pleistocene glaciation

Back 63

T

Front 64

There is good evidence that variation in solar energy, as evinced by sunspot activity cycles, is responsible for short -term climatic variations.

Back 64

F

Front 65

Agriculture and overgrazing on lands adjacent to existing deserts can cause desertification.

Back 65

T

Front 66

Deserts are expanding through a process called desertifgication, destroyiung once productive ranbgeland and cropland

Back 66

T

Front 67

Surface creep in a desert is a type of mass wasting

Back 67

F

Front 68

Wind is as effective an agent of erosion and deposition as water

Back 68

F

Front 69

Even if not presently found in desert climates all dunes originated in desert conditions

Back 69

F

Front 70

all dunes have crests oriented perpendicular to the direction of wind movement.

Back 70

F

Front 71

Barchan dunes form in low relief terrain with limited vegetation limited sand supply and a constant wind direction.

Back 71

T

Front 72

The water table in deserts with through-flowing streams slopes towards the streams

Back 72

F

Front 73

All true deserts have widespread sand dunes

Back 73

F

Front 74

Desert pavement is the result of deflation of desert surfaces

Back 74

T

Front 75

all true deserts are found within the low and middle latitudes

Back 75

F

Front 76

Deserts are one environment where wind erosion is more important than water erosion.

Back 76

F

Front 77

The same geological agents work in all deserts so landforms of various deserts are similar

Back 77

F

Front 78

Deserts are common in dry climates at low to mid latitudes.

Back 78

T

Front 79

Mechanical weathering dominates over chemical weathering in desert regions

Back 79

T

Front 80

Wind erosion appears to be most important in the formation of pediments

Back 80

F

Front 81

Alluvial fan sediment is deposited by flashflood, sheetflow, mudflow and debris

Back 81

T

Front 82

The ocean floor is flat and featureless

Back 82

F

Front 83

Abyssal plains tend to be most common seaward of passive continental margins.

Back 83

T

Front 84

Trenches and abyssal plains tend to consist of or be filled with biologically derived sediments,

Back 84

F

Front 85

The diameter of a water molecule orbit increases with depth until the wave reaches the sea floor.

Back 85

F

Front 86

Wave size depends entirely on wind velocity and duration

Back 86

F

Front 87

Winter beach profile can actually develop during any season

Back 87

T

Front 88

Beaches are by definition composed of sand.

Back 88

F

Front 89

Rip currents are important in erosion and deposition of sediment along shorelines.

Back 89

F

Front 90

Beach sand is by definition composed of quartz.

Back 90

F

Front 91

Barrier islands are currently under sustained erosion and migrating seaward.

Back 91

F

Front 92

Spits, baymouth bars and tombolos form only along ocean shores because lakes have insufficient supplies of sand.

Back 92

F

Front 93

Rising sea level is the result of either increased volume of ocean water or the subsidence of land or both.

Back 93

T

Front 94

The principle of superposition, original horizontal and lateral continuity apply to all rocks in the rock cycle.

Back 94

F

Front 95

Marine fossils are easily identified, geographically extensive and existed over a short interval of geologic time

Back 95

F

Front 96

Grains of zircon from detrital sedimentary rocks have been date at 4.2 billion years old.

Back 96

T

Front 97

Earth's earliest crust was granitic in composition and gradually differntiated to granitic and basaltic compositions over time.

Back 97

F

Front 98

The present style of plate tectonics may have been operative since the Cambrian period

Back 98

F

Front 99

Most Archean rock is deformed but most Proterozoic rock in undeformed

Back 99

T

Front 100

North America was originally part of Laurentia, beginning in the Proterozoic

Back 100

T

Front 101

Cyclothems of the Pennsylvanian Period represents transgressive and regressive sequences in low lying deltaic areas

Back 101

T

Front 102

Mineral Resources Found in Precambrian rocks are more likely to be precious metals related to crustal deformation and metamorphism as opposed to sands and gravels deposited by glaciers.

Back 102

T