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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mechanical weathering |
Is the break down of rock without changing its chemical composition. There's one main type of mechanical weathering that affects coasts which is freeze thaw weathering. |
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Chemical weathering |
Is the breakdown of rock by changing its chemical composition. Carbonation weathering is a type of chemical weathering that happens in warm and wet conditions. |
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Mass movement |
Is the shifting of rocks and loose material down a slope eg a cliff. It happens when the force of gravity acting on a slope is greater than the force supporting it. |
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Hydraulic power |
Waves crash against rock and compress the air in cracks. This puts pressure on the rock. Repeated compression widens the cracks and makes bits of rock break off. |
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Abrasion |
Eroded particles in the water scrape and rub against the rock removing small pieces. |
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Attrition |
Eroded particles in the water smash into each other and break into smaller fragments. Their edges also get rounded off as they rub together. |
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Solution |
Weak carbonic acid in sea water dissolves rock like chalk and limestone. |
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Destructive waves |
Waves that carry out erosional processes. They have a high frequency, and their backwash is more powerful than their swash. This means the material is removed from the coast. |
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Headland and bays |
Form where there are alternating bands of resistant and less resistant rock along a coast. The less resistant rock like clay is eroded quickly and forms a bay, bays have gentle slopes. The resistant rock like chalk is eroded more slowly and its left jutting out forming a headland. These have steep sides. |
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Long shore drift |
Waves follow the direction of the prevailing wind. They usually hit the coast at an oblique angle. The swash carries material up the beach in the direction of the waves. The backwash then carries the material down the beach at right angles towards the sea. Over time material zigzags along the coast. |
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Traction |
Large particles like boulders are pushed along the sea bed by the force of the water. |
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Suspension |
Small particles like silt and clay are carried along in the water. |
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Saltation |
Pebble sized particles are bounced along the sea bed by the force of the water. |
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Solution |
Soluble material dissolve in the water and are carried along. |
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How is a bar formed |
A bar is formed when a spit joins two headlands together. The bar cuts off the bay between the headlands from the sea. This means lagoon can form behind the bar. |
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Spits |
Spits form at sharp bends in the coastline. Long shore Dr if transports sand and shingle past the bend and deposits in the sea. Strong winds and waves curve the end of the spit. The sheltered area is protected from the waves and becomes a salt marsh. |
