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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A temperature inversion is mainly an inversion of the ____________. |
average lapse rate |
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Adiabatic processes cause cooling by _____________. |
decompression |
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Albedo is the percentage of energy ____________ from an object compared to the original amount of energy that struck the object. |
reflected |
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Almost all terrestrial radiation can be considered to be ____________ and almost all solar radiation can be considered to be _____________. |
longwave, shortwave (Terrestrial = Of Earth) |
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Although several factors are involved, the main factor controlling the distribution of annual average temperature for Earth as a whole is ____________. |
latitude |
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Dallas, Texas, is in the continental interior. San Diego, California, is on the ocean. Which of the following is true?
San Diego's winter time temperature should be lower than Dallas'.
Dallas' summer time temperatures should be lower the San Diego's.
There should not be much temperature difference if their latitudes are similar.
There should not be much temperature difference if their longitudes are similar.
Dallas' should have a larger yearly range of temperature than San Diego. |
Dallas' should have a larger yearly range of temperature than San Diego. |
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Earth's reradiation to space consists mainly of _____________. |
long rays |
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For the most part the lower atmosphere is heated from _____________. |
Earth's surface |
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T/F Adiabatic warming takes place by compression in descending air. |
TRUE |
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Incoming Solar Radiation that reaches the surface of the Earth is also known as: |
Insolation |
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Which of the following is FALSE:
Earth's energy budget is perfectly balanced.
Earth's energy budget is unbalanced by latitude.
Earth's energy budget is vertically unbalanced.
Earth energy budget is the cause of all weather.
Earth's energy budget is the same at each location. |
Earth's energy budget is the same at each location. (No vapor condensing on DALR and vapor condescending on WALR) |
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The specific heat of water is greater than that of land. This means ____________. |
water cools more slowly than does land. |
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The main source of atmosphere heating is from the ___________. |
reradiation of energy from the Earth |
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Radiation from the Earth is mostly absorbed in the lower troposphere and _____________ back towards Earth in a process termed _____________. |
reradiated, counterradiation |
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In the Northern Hemisphere, a yearly net surplus of energy is experienced for all latitudes SOUTH of which latitude? |
28°N |
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In terms of running the Earth's atmospheric processes, the significant energy comes from the Sun and ____________. |
no other source |
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The basic unit of pressure mapped on weather maps is ____________. |
millibars |
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Wind speed is determined by ___________. |
pressure gradient force |
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At sea level, the atmosphere exerts a force closest to ____________ kiligram(s) per square centimeter. |
1 |
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As a general rule, friction is greatest ____________. |
Near Earth's surface |
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Above the influence of friction, most winds follow a(n) ____________ course. |
geostrophic |
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Instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure is called __________. |
Barometer |
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The tropospheric condition of INCREASING temperature with altitude is called ________. |
Inversion |
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The condition at which relative humidity is 100% is called _____________. |
Saturation |
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Wet Adiabatic Lapse Rate is also called ________. |
WALR |
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The gaseous form of water is called _________. |
Vapor |
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The ________ effect alters the direction of wind and ocean currents and assists in disturbing energy over the globe. |
Coriolis |
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Microscopic particles in the atmosphere that vapor condenses upon is called _________. |
Nuclei |
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The measure of pressure is called __________. |
Millibar |
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The conversion of liquid water to gaseous water is called _____________. |
Evaporation |
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The triatomic form of oxygen is called ____________. |
Ozone |
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A type of weather front due to a warmer air mass advancing on a colder air mass is called a _____________. |
Warm front |
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A type of weather front due to a colder air mass advancing on a warmer air mass is called a ______________. |
Cold front |
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A mechanism of energy transfer involving the vertical movement of molecules to achieve the transfer is called ____________. |
Convection (mechanism means process) |
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A type of absolute humidity is called ________________. |
Specific humidity |
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The types of winds that flow parallel to isobars is called __________. |
Geostrophic |
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Winds that affect the leeward side of mountains (a type of "Local Wind") is called ____________. |
Chinook |
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A process of energy transfer in which temperature changes without the addition or removal of heat is called _____________. |
Adiabatic |
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Environmental Lapse Rate is also called ________. |
ELR |
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The solid form of water is called _________. |
Ice |
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A metric temperature index scale is called __________. |
Celsius |
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The condition of the atmosphere when the ELR is less than the DALR is called __________. |
Stability |
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Incoming Solar Radiation is also called _____________. |
Insolation |
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Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate is also called ___________. |
DALR |
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Bands of steady winds used by early mariners is called ___________. |
Trades |
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Upwelling currents of cold, deep ocean water typically occur on which side of ocean basins? North, South, East, or West. |
East |
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A precipitation - producing mechanism involving two (or more) air parcels interacting is called __________. |
Frontal (Front or frontal process*) |
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Surface winds converge towards ________. |
Cyclone |
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A zone of the atmosphere that has an increase in temperature with altitude is the ____________. |
Stratosphere |
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A precipitation - producing mechanism involving air parcels forced to rise over topographic barriers is called ______________. |
Orographic |
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The temperature at which relative humidity is 100% is called ___________. |
Dewpoint |
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A unit of measure of one part in one million parts, used for concentrations of ozone and carbon dioxide is called __________. |
PPM (Parts Per Million) |
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A high pressure center is called a __________ |
Anticyclone |
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A raindrop - producing mechanism is a _____________ (Particularly in the tropics) |
Coalescence |
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A mechanism of energy transfer by molecular collision is called __________. |
Conduction |
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A line on an isoline map depicting atmosphere pressure is called an ____________. |
Isobar |
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Intertropical Convergence Zone is also called ________. |
ITCZ |
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In its source region, an air mass should be exposed to relatively constant conditions of which of the following characteristics? A. Moisture and wind B. Temperature and wind C. Temperature and moisture D. Air pressure and wind E. Air pressure and temperature |
C. Temperature and moisture |
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Cold fronts compared to warm fronts: A. Slower moving, with more intense rainfall B. Faster moving, with more intense rainfall C. Slower moving, with less intense rainfall D. Faster moving, with less intense rainfall E. Faster moving, with rainfall of long duration |
B. Faster moving, with more intense rainfall |
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An air mass that forms over warm oceans from an equatorial region would be designated by which of the following symbols?
A. cP
B. cE
C. mE
D. mA
E. mAA |
C. mE (Maritime Equatorial) |
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Which of the following is a normal slope for a warm front?
A. 1:10
B. 1:200
C. 1:400
D. 1:2,000
E. 1:50,000 |
B. 1:200 (check book horizontal or vertical) what's the normal slope for a cold front? * |
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When neither air masses displaces the adjacent one, their boundary is called a(n) ___________ front. |
Stationary |
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On the average, __________ fronts move the fastest of all fronts. |
Cold |
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Which of the following is NOT NECESSARILY a property of an air mass?
A. It must be large.
B. It must have relatively uniform properties within itself.
C. It must have a warm front at its leading edge.
D. It must travel as a recognizable entity.
E. It must modify as it leaves a source region. |
C. It must have a warm front at is leading edge. |
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Of the air masses below, the coldest, driest ones are termed _________. A. Maritime Tropical B. Continental Tropical C. Continental Polar D. Equatorial E. Maritime Polar |
Continental Polar |
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In which frontal type is there no "agressor" air mass? |
Stationary |
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Fronts are located ___________. |
At the edges of air masses |
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What is "average lapse rate"? |
The average rate of temperature decrease with height in the troposphere about 6.5° C per 1000 meters. |
