Geography - Rivers And Flooding Key Terms 3

Front 1

Laminar Flow

Back 1

This is the horizontal movement of water without any disruptions.

Front 2

Turbulent Flow

Back 2

This is a series of erratic eddies with both vertical and horizontal movement.

Front 3

Eddies

Back 3

These are turbulence in the water.

Front 4

Hydraulic Radius

Back 4

The ratio of the cross sectional area of the channel and the length of the wetted perimeter. (HR = Area of water / Wetted Perimeter)

Front 5

Wetted Perimeter

Back 5

The proportion of the channel perimeter that is in contact with the water. (WP = Side 1 + Side 2 + Side 3)

Front 6

Thalweg

Back 6

The profile of a river from source to mouth.

Front 7

Rejuvenation

Back 7

When a river restores itself to a former state.

Front 8

Base Level

Back 8

The level that a river normally flows at.

Front 9

Kick Points (Rejuvenation)

Back 9

This is a change in the river profile creating a step or sometimes creating a waterfall.

Front 10

River Terrace (Rejuvenation)

Back 10

This is when a river abandons a floodplain and down cuts creating a step of land.

Front 11

Entrenched Incised Meander (Rejuvenation)

Back 11

This is when a river has a meander with steep symmetrical valleys.

Front 12

Ingrown Incised Meander (Rejuvenation)

Back 12

This is when a river has a meander with a not so step asymmetrical valleys.

Front 13

Hard Engineering

Back 13

This is a flood prevention method involving large scale structures and engineering projects.

Front 14

Soft Engineering

Back 14

This is a flood prevention method avoiding the need to build.