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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is population density? And how is it Calculated? |
How crowded an area is. You calculate it by dividing the total population of a place by the area |
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What does sparsely populated mean? |
Means few people in an area |
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What are some of the factors that affect population distribution? |
Land, climate, vegetation, soils, resources, access and economy |
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What is the population explosion? |
Rapid growth in population with low death rate |
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Why do people have large families? |
Labour, old age, infant mortality, religion and contraception |
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What is the first stage of the demographic transition model? |
●Birth rate - high ●death rate - high ●population growth - zero ●population size - low and steady ●example: tribes in brazil |
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What is stage 2 of the demographic transition model? |
●Birth rate - high ●death rate - falling ●population growth - high ●population size - increasing ●Example: gambia |
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What is stage 3 of the demographic transition model? |
●birth rate - falling ●death rate - falling ●population growth - high ●population size - increasing ●Example: egypt |
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What is stage 4 of the demographic transition model? |
●birth rate - low ●death rate - low ●population growth - zero ●population size - high ●Example: UK and usa |
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What is stage 5 of the demographic transition model? |
●birth rate- falling ●death rate- low ●population growth - negative ●population size - falling ●Example: japan |
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How do you calculate the dependency ratio? |
No. Aged 0-15 + no. Aged 65+ ÷ no people aged 16-64 |
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What are the problems in a youth full over populated LEDC? |
Children miss out on education, services can't cope so not every one has access and food shortages |
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What are the social impacts of an ageing population? |
Health care services are stretched, people need to spend more time working, fewer children = less affordable, more old people mean a lower pension |
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What are the economic impacts of an ageing population? |
Taxes increase due to more pensions and less money in the country's economy |
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What is urbanisation? |
The growth in the proportion of a country's population living in urban areas |
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What are the push factors associated with urbanisation? |
Few jobs, lack of services and poor harvests |
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What are the pull factors associated with urbanisation? |
More jobs and better services |
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What are the impacts of urbanisation? |
Overcrowding, increase traffic, pollution and waste and in LEDCs it's leads to squatter settlements |
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What are the impacts of urbanisation in rural areas? |
Bigger elderly population and even fewer services |
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What is counter urbanisation? |
Moving out of cities into rural areas |
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What are the push factors associated with counter urbanisation? |
Pollution and high traffic congestion, higher crime rates and houses cost more |
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What are the pull factors associated with counter urbanisation? |
Better transport links, growth of work from home, new out of town business parks |
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Where is the central business district usually located? |
Found in the middle of a city due to shops and offices |
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Where is the inner city located? |
It's found around the CBD and has poorer quality housing and older industrial buildings |
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Where are the suburbs located? |
Housing areas found towards the edge of the city |
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Where is the rural urban fringe located? |
At the edge of the city where there are both urban land uses and rural land uses. Also higher classed and priced housing |
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What does sustainable mean? |
Doing things in a way that let's the people living now have what they need without affecting the needs of future generations |
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What are carbon neutral homes? |
Buildings that generate as much energy as they use |
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What is the threshold population? |
Minimum population needed to support a shop |
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What is immigration? |
When people move into an area |
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What is emigration? |
When people move out of an area |
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What is international migration? |
When people move to a different country |
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What are the ways of managing international migration? |
●Points- based systems which is where they choose who to let in based on age, education, work experience and language ●limits and targets so they don't let too many or too less in ●controlling illegal immigration |
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What is the difference between the continental crust and oceanic crust? |
Continental is thick and less dense. Oceanic is thinner but more dense |
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Why do plates move? |
The rock in the mantle underneath them moves |
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What is destructive margins? |
When two plates move towards each other |
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What is constructive margins? |
When two plates move away from eachother |
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What is conservative margins? |
Where two plates move sideways past eachother in the same direction or different speeds |
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What margins are volcanoes found at? |
Destructive and constructive |
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How do you reduce the impacts of Earthquakes? |
Prediction, building techniques and planning |
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What is primary industry? |
Collecting raw materials e.g farming |
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What is the secondary industry? |
Manufacturing e.g furniture |
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What is tertiary industry? |
Providing a service e.g police |
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What is quaternary industry? |
New technology e.g electronics |
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What is globalisation? |
The process of countries becoming more intergrated |
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What can cause drought? |
Changes in atmospheric circulation |
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What are the human impacts of drought? |
Overgrazing reduces vegetation so soil erosion is worse and excessive irrigation when water is artificially supplied from rivers to farmland |
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Why do people stay by volcanoes? |
Soil around volcanoes is fertile because it's full of minerals from ash, tourist attractions and good source of geothermal energy |
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Why does a tropical storm develop? |
Over warm water when it is 27°c or higher. The warm moist air rises and condensation occurs which releases big amounts of energy to make storms powerful. They move west due to easterly winds near the equator. Overland the energy supply is cut off |
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What are characteristics of tropical storms? |
Spin anticlockwise and move northwest, least between 7 and 14 days, eye is caused by descending air, nothing in the eye but in the wall strong winds and rain |
