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170 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a physical map according to your notes?
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Shows the location and topography of the earth's physical features
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What types of features are found on a physical map according to the definition in the notes?
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mountains, deserts, and bodies of water
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What is the very simple definition of what can be found on a physical map?
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things you can touch
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What is a political map according to your notes?
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Shows the boundaries between countries and smaller internal divisions such as states or counties
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What types of features are found on a political map according to your notes?
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Features borders of states, counties, capitals, andcities
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What is a very simple definition of what can be found on a political map?
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things that are there because the government says they are
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What is a thematic map according to your notes?
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emphasizes a particular theme or subject and can show various natural and human–made features
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What is a compass rose?
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Marker that indicates directions
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What are the directions N, S, W, E known as?
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Cardinal directions
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What are the directions NW, SW, NE, SE known as?
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Intermediate directions
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What helps one remember how to draw a compass rose correctly?
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Weeee and not Ewwww
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Which way should North point and why?
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Away from you, toward the top of your desk; in order to orient your map correctly
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What is a key and how is each key different?
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a list that explains what the symbols on a map stand for; specific to each map
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What is a scale bar?
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Shows the relationship between map measurements and actual distance
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What is the purpose of a scale bar?
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Shows how far it is from one place to another
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How do map scales vary?
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vary with the size of the area shown
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What system of measurement does the US use?
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Imperial System
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How many countries in the world use the Imperial System and who are they?
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three countries; Liberia, Myanmar, & the US
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When did Britain switch to the Metric System?
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1965
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How did the US switch to the Metric System and why isn't it more widely used?
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US Congress enacted law to switch in 1975; Congress made the switch voluntary
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How much has not using the Metric System cost the US and what is the example?
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$125 million; NASA's loss of the Mars Climate Orbiter
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What caused the need for time zones?
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introduction of railroads
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How many times zones are there and why?
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24 time zones each 1,000 miles across at the equator;due to 24 hours in a day and 1 revolution of the earth in 1 day
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How many time zones does the US have and what are they?
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the US has 4 times zones; Eastern (farthest east),Central, Mountain, Pacific (farthest west)
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What are small–scale maps?
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show a large area but little detail
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What are large–scale maps?
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show a small area with a great amount of detail
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What 2 ways is location described in geography?
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Relative and Absolute
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What is the definition of relative location?
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describes how a place is related to its surrounding environment
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What does one have to know to find relative location?
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can only be found if one is familiar with the specific characteristics of a place
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What is the definition of absolute location?
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the exact place on earth where a geographic feature is found
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How is absolute location described?
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described using a grid of lines on the earth's surface; latitude and longitude
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What do all maps contain and why?
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Certain tools that are the same that help to interpret the information on that specific map
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Why is it important to know the tools of maps and how to use them effectively?
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Knowing what these tools are and how to use them will help you use all maps more effectively
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What is the definition of hemisphere?
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division of the earth into 2 equal halves
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What is the definition of equator?
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divides the N&S halves of the earth
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What is the definition of prime meridian?
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divides the E&W halves of the earth
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What are latitude lines and what do they measure?
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Set of imaginary lines that run parallel to the equator; measure distances north or south of the equator
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What rhyme reminds you how latitude lines run?
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Lat rhymes with flat – Latitude lines run horizontally or flat
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What are longitude lines and what do they measure?
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Set of imaginary lines that run around the earth over the poles; measure distances east or west starting at the Prime Meridian
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What line does one start at to measure latitude?
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the Equator
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What line does one start at to measure longitude?
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the Prime Meridian
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What is the main cause of air pollution in China?
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use of coal power plants
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What demonstrates that pollution conditions are some of the worst in the world in China?
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9 of 10 of the world’s worst polluted cities
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What is causing desertification and what is desertification?
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Being caused by deforestation and is when arable land turns to desert
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What is causing water pollution?
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Dead animal dumping and untreated sewage
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What actions are making water pollution in China worse?
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Dumping of dead animals
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Why are the oceans also becoming polluted? (what flows into them?)
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Polluted rivers flowing into them
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What type of ships are causing overfishing around Asia?
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Factory ships
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If overfishing continues like it has, what will happen to the oceans and fisheries and by what year?
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world fisheries could collapse by 2050
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What are the countries of East Asia listed in the notes?
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China, Mongolia, Japan, Taiwan, North Korea, South Korea
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What is the formal name of China?
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People’s Republic of China
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What is the relative land area and population of China?
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80% of land of East Asia, largest population of world 1.3 billion
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What 2 countries are bigger than China?
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Russia and Canada
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What is the land area and comparative population of Mongolia?
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13% of East Asia's land, less than 1% of China's population
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How is the population of Mongolia described?
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world's most sparsely populated
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What is the population of China and its % of the world?
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1.357 billion, 25% of world
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Comparatively, how many people in the world are Chinese?
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1 in 5 people
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What does “Chinese” mean?
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person of the Middle Kingdom
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What happened in Tiananmen Square and when?
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June 1989 students demonstrated for Fifth Modernization
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What is the Fifth Modernization?
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democratic reforms and political freedom
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What were the 4 Modernizations?
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Agriculture, industry, defense, science and technology
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Who was Tank Man? What did he do and why?
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anonymous Chinese man; stood up to column of tanks rolling into Tiananmen Square
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Why did Tank Man become a symbol of the 20th century?
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he showed that the individual was more powerful than the group
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How did the Chinese government react to the student demonstrators in Tiananmen Square?
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gov’t declared them to be dissidents (political enemies) and opened fire on them killing 2,000 and wounding hundreds
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What has been the Chinese government’s attitude/actions towards the events in Tiananmen Square?
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to deny it occurred and continue to repress thefreedom of people
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What does the government of China continue to do regarding citizen freedoms to this day?
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repression of freedoms has continued through to present
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What was China’s one–child policy?
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policy to slow growth of population with couples allowed 1 child
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When did China’s one–child policy begin?
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1979
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What has happened recently to the one–child policy? Is this going to result in Chinese children having siblings? Why not?
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has been relaxed and population is starting to grow again; no, tradition is now calling for one–child households
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What will the current generation of Chinese males and females experience due to the one–child policy?
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Males experience difficulty finding someone to marry; females may experience kidnapping due to scarcity
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How has the one–child policy caused a shift in the geography of the Chinese workforce?
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mostly migrant male workers have come eastsending money home to the west
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How does discrimination occur geographically in China?
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people born in the country are not allowed to go to school in the cities
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Where do the majority of Chinese people live geographically?
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70% live on 45% of the land in 12 Eastern Provinces
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How large are Chinese cities?
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30–40 Chinese cities have populations of more than 1 million
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What traditional practices does Chinese healthcare use?
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acupuncture and cupping
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When, under whom, and in what kind of government was the People’s Republic of China created?
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1949 under Mao Zedong as a communist country
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What happened to the economy under Mao and in recent history?
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tried to plan economy, has become more relaxed and fastest growing since 1980s
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What % of Chinese farm what and why?
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60% of Chinese farm mostly rice due to lack of arable land
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What % of Chinese land is arable?
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13%
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How much has the amount of arable land shrunk? During what period? Because of what 3 reasons?
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shrunk 6% between 2009–2019 due to urbanization, industrialization, and desertification
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What is crowding in China’s cities causing?
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air and water pollution
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Why do workers not settle down in the cities?
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their families are back in the west
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What has resulted from the large, drifting workforce?
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Crime and a corrupt police force
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What was Tibet and what happened to it?
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independent country was led by Buddhist religious leader taken over by China
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Who was the specific leader of Tibet when China took over?
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Dalai Lama
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When did China take over Tibet?
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1950
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How has China violated Tibetan human rights?
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restricted practice of Buddhism and encouraged Chinese migration making Tibetans minorities in their own country
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What has happened with the Dalai Lama, Tibet, China, and India? What may the consequences be?
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in exile in India; will not reincarnate if not allowed to return to Tibet due to Chinese rule
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What has China encouraged in Tibet to affect the population and Tibetans?
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encouraged Chinese migration making Tibetansminorities in their own country
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Why do Ohio and Michigan hate each other?
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disagreement over Toledo Strip (water)
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Why does Michigan have an Upper Peninsula?
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gave up Toledo in exchange
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What did Ohio get when Michigan got the Upper Peninsula?
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Toledo
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Why does Pennsylvania have a notch?
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in order to get a port on Lake Erie
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What state was Las Vegas almost a part of?
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Arizona
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What cuts Derby Line, Vermont in ½?
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the US/Canadian Border
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What does the US border with Canada mostly follow out west?
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the 49th Parallel
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What was wrong with the location of Fort Blunder?
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it was built in Canada
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What was done to correct the mistake of Fort Blunder?
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the US border was moved 3/4 of a mile
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What is a surveyor’s chain used to measure?
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distances
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The entire country was measured how many feet at a time?
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33
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During the Revolutionary War, what was still part of New York?
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Vermont
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What are ghost states?
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states that once existed but disappeared
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What state did Tennessee break off from?
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North Carolina
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What 3 empires all had claims in the U.S?
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Spain, France, and England
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How did the Louisiana Purchase change the size of the US?
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doubled the size of the US
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In what year did the Louisiana Purchase occur?
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1803
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How much did the Louisiana Purchase cost?
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$15 million
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Why did Napoleon give up the Louisiana Purchase for so little?
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Haiti no longer belonged to France or needed supplies from North America
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What river divides Missouri & Illinois?
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the Mississippi River
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What happened to the original capital of Illinois?
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flooding caused the state line to move and place the capital in Missouri
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How many states line the Mississippi River?
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10 states
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What is the name of the most notorious border in America?
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the Mason–Dixon Line
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What does the “most notorious border in America” actually mark?
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the border between PA and MD and the border between MD and DE
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What was the Missouri Compromise the real division between?
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slave and non–slave states
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How many years did the American Civil War last and approximately how many soldiers were killed?
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4 years; 650,000 soldiers
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What question pushed Congress over the edge into war?
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who gets the West?
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How many states could Texas have been broken into?
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5 states
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How far north did Texas once reach?
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all the way to Wyoming
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What year did Texans launch a revolution?
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1835
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Why wasn’t California broken into smaller states?
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gold
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What is the state of Jefferson called today?
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Colorado
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What did railroads shape?
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states
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What state had an official “No Man’s Land”?
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Colorado
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Where was Colorado gold first found?
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Silverton
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What are the names of the four states that come together in one place?
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Utah, New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado
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What 2 states stick out among the boxy ones?
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Idaho and Montana
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In 1863, the states were split between what?
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the Continental Divide
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States have to present their proposed boundary lines to what body in Washington?
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Congress
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What is the name of the oldest state capitol in the United States?
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Santa Fe
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Who founded the state of Utah?
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the Mormons
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How many million immigrants did New York Harbor see?
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12 million
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Who rules Ellis Island?
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New Jersey and New York share
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When did European colonization begin in Africa?
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1800s
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What did Europeans trade with Africans?
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gold, ivory, textiles, and slaves
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Why did slavery in Africa increase?
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Europeans shipped Africans to the Americas to grow cash crops
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What are cash crops?
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crops grown to be sold
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What was the effect of the slave trade in Africa?
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caused a major setback in Africa as all working age adults gone
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What did Europeans see the African continent as?
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a source of raw material
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What portion of the African continent was not claimed by Europeans?
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Ethiopia, Liberia, and South Africa
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How did Europeans divide the African continent?
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divided the land as it suited them without regard for tribes or alliances
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What affect did Europeans have on African religion and culture?
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replaced with European religion and culture that they felt was superior
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When did African countries begin to gain independence from Europe?
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early 1900s
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How did European borders affect Africa?
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were maintained when new countries were created and civil wars erupted
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What was apartheid and what did it resemble in the US?
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separation or segregation of races; resembling Jim Crow
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Who was Nelson Mandela?
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anti–apartheid leader of South Africa who was imprisoned for 27 years and became the 1st black president of South Africa
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What was the result of universal suffrage in South Africa?
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the election of Nelson Mandela as 1st black president of South Africa
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How many languages are spoken in Africa?
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800 different
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What is lingua franca?
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the common language
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What is the lingua franca of Africa?
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French or English
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What are the two largest religions in Africa and their percentages?
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Christian – 41% and Muslim – 34%
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What 2 countries have suffered religious conflicts recently?
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Nigeria and Sudan
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What result of a religious conflict did we study in class?
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civil war in Sudan
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What year did the civil war in Sudan begin?
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1988
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What were the refugees in Sudan known as?
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The Lost Boys of Sudan
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What did the US agree to do with the refugees from Sudan and why?
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agreed to resettle them because they have little chance of finding any family members alive
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Why do the Sudanese refugees create a Peace Walk?
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to increase awareness about the war in Sudan
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What is the name of their Sudanese culture?
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Dinka
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Why can’t the refugees return to Sudan?
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because the US considers Sudan dangerous and they would not be allowed to return to the US
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What is the lack of education a barrier to in Africa?
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economic development
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What group in Africa receives the least schooling and how much do they receive on average?
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females only receive 1.2 years
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What % of Africans of what age can read and write?
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only 60% of people over 15
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What has destroyed school systems and where?
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civil wars in Angola and Somalia
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How is the economy today in Africa compared to the past?
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most African countries are worse off today than in 1960
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What crucial system does most of Africa lack today?
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infrastructure
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How is the land in Africa cleared?
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using the slash and burn method without regard to the land
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What practice for farming has Zambia started and what is its purpose?
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conservation farming to protect the land through better planning and use
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What country once produced the world’s best diamonds and what are their conditions now?
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Sierra Leone; now has worst conditions in West Africa
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What percent of child and adult AIDS cases are in Africa?
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70% of adults and 80% of child
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What fraction of Africans have clean drinking water?
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1/3 of Africans
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What fraction of Africans have adequate sanitation?
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1/4 of Africans
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