Geography Exam Ii Chap. 7

Front 1

Abrahamic religions

Back 1

- Islam
- Christianity
- Judaism

Front 2

contact conversion

Back 2

- Bible says to go out and convert/baptize people.
- Movement of Christianity from middle east (Rome), spreading into other parts of Europe.
- christianity spread by contagious diffusion
- islam spread in a predominately militaristic manner. followed quran. the arabs expanded west across north africa in a wave of religious conquest.

Front 3

ecotheology

Back 3

- name given to a rich and abundant body of literature studying the role of religion in habitat modification.
- ecotheologians ask how the teachings and worldviews of religion are related to our attitudes about modifying the physical environment.
- in some faiths, human power over natural forces is assumed.
- judo-chrisitan tradition teaches that humans have dominion over nature.

Front 4

ethnic religion

Back 4

- associated with a particular ethnic group
-Do not seek converts
- identified with a particular ethnic or tribal group and does not seek converts.
- at its most basic, a jew is anyone born of a Jewish mother
- though a person can convert to Judaism, it is a complex process that has traditionally been discouraged.
- proselytic religions sometimes grow out of ethnic religions, the evolution of christianty from its parent judaism is a good example.

Front 5

feng shui

Back 5

- Derived from Buddhism
- Location of homes, temples, graves chosen by environmentally auspicious sites
- feng shui- means "wind and water"
- referes to the practice of harmoniously balancing the opposing forces of nature in the built environment.
- a feature of asian religions that emphasizes Tao, the dynamic balance found in nature, feng shui involves choosing environmentally auspicious sites for houses, villages, temples, and graves.
- the homes of the living and dead must be aligned with the cosmic forces of the world in order to assure good luck, health, and prosperity.
- dates back 7000 years but contemporary people still practice it

Front 6

Indus-Ganga hearth

Back 6

- located in the lowland of the Ganges and Indus Rivers
- second great religious hearth area lay in the plains fringing the northern edge of the indian subcontinent.
- this lowland gave birth to hinduism and buddhism.
- hinduism which is at least 4000 years old was the earliest faith to arise in this hearth.
- buddhism began in the foothills bordering the ganges plain. missionaries later carried the religion to china.

Front 7

mystical place

Back 7

j

Front 8

orthodox

Back 8

- Purity; un-open to blending with other religious ideas.
- those who consider themselves orthodox are pretty tolerant of other religions
- orthodoxy means right (ortho) teaching (doxy)
- many religions including chrisitanity, judaism, hinduism, and Islam have orthodox strains.

Front 9

pilgrimage

Back 9

- Islam (mecca)
- for many religious groups, journeys to sacred places are an important aspect of faith based mobility.
- pilgrimages are typical of both ethnic and proselytic religions
- they are particultarly significant for followers of islam, hinduism, shintoism, and roman catholic.
- along with missionaries, pilgrims constitute one of the largest groups of people voluntarily on the move for religious reasons.
- pilgrims do not aim to convert people to their faith through their journeys. they enact in their travels a connection with the sacred spaces of their faith.
- some religions mandate pilgrimage (islam)

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polytheistic

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- Worship of many Gods
- hinduism

Front 11

proselytic religions

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- seek new members
-Goal is to convert all mankind
- ex: christianity, Islam, Buddhism
- they instruct their faithful to spread the word to all the Earth using persuasion and sometimes violence to convert the heathen
- Islam is the fastest growing religion in the world. claims more than a billion followers mostly in the deserts of Asia and northern Africa, indonesia, and southern phillipines
- africa and asia are the fastest growing regions for Christianity

Front 12

reincarnation

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- hinduism
- in reincarnation implies that souls are reborn as other beings.
- idea that if the physical body may die, the soul lives on and is reborn in another body.

Front 13

sacred place

Back 13

- Sacred Rivers
- Jordon River in middle east sacred component of Christianity (where Jesus was baptized)
- Ganges river in India sacred in Hinduism
- ordinary place like a parking lot can become a sacred place
- the sacred places visited by pilgrims vary. some have been the setting for miricles, are few are the regions where religions originated or areas where the founders of the faith lived and worked. others contain sacred physical features such as rivers, caves, springs, and mountain peaks.
- others are believed to have housed gods or are religious administrative centers where leaders of the religion reside.
- ex: mecca and medina, cities where muhammad pbuh resided and formed islam's culture hearth. rome: home of the roman catholic pope.
- places of pilgrimage might be regarded as places of spatial convergence or nodes of functional cultural regions.
- religion provides the stimulus for pilgrimage by offering those who participate the reward of soul purification or the attainment of some desired objective in their lives by mandating pilgrimage as part of devotion. for this reason pilgrims often journey great distances to visit major shrines.

sacred spaces- consist of natural or man made sites that posess special religious meaning that is recognized as worthy of devotion, loyalty, fear or esteem.
- sacred space includes the site of supposed supernatural events or is viewed as the abode of gods

Front 14

secularization

Back 14

- Places in the world where religion doesn’t have the day to day control as in other places
-Non-religious
- in some parts of the world, especially in europe religion has declined.
- number of non religious secular persons in the world is estimated at 913 million at present.
- 30 million nonreligious people in U.S. (14% of pop.)
- 51% of people in hawaii are not affiliated with a church.
- in some instances, the retreat from organized religion has resulted from a government's active hostility toward a particular faith or toward religion in general.
- the french government has long since the french revolution, discouraged public displays of religious faith.

Front 15

Semitic hearth

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- region where these regions began
- all three of the great monotheistic faiths, judaism, christianity, and islam arose among semitic people who lived in or on the margins of the deserts of southwestern Asia and in the middle east.
- hinduism and buddhism both originated in the northern reaches of the Indian subcontinent and spread through southeastern eurasia.
- taoic religions originated in East Asia, relocating with Chinese and Japanese precense regionally. and more recently to north and south america

Front 16

shaman

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- animism
- serves as intermediary between Gods and Humans
- usually serves as an intermediary between the people and the spirits

Front 17

syncretic

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- blending religions; often associated with areas of Catholic introduction- Latin America/Africa
- combine elements of two or more different belief systems.
- umbanda, a religion practiced in parts of Brazil, blends elements of catholicism with a reverence for the souls of Indians, wise men, and historical Brazilian figures.

Front 18

teleology

Back 18

n

Front 19

Why are Judaism, Christianity, and Islam considered to be related? What are the connections between them

Back 19

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