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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Earthquakes: Haiti 2010 - cause |
-Caused by North American plate sliding past the Caribbean plate at a conservative plate.
-Magnitude of 7.
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Earthquake: Haiti 2010 - affect |
-316,000 people killed. -1million people made homeless. -3million were affected. -Difficult to get aid:- poor management, airport control tower damaged. |
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Hurricane: Katrina 2005 |
-$100billion damage. -100-140mph, stretched 400 miles. -Category 5 on the SSHS. |
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Earthquake & Tsunami: Japan 2011- Cause |
-Magnitude of 9.0. -Lasted 6 mins. -10,000 times more energy than the EQ in New Zealand, 17 days before. -The Ocean pacific plate subducts the Eurasian plate where Japan is located, this plate margin is destructive causing the EQ. |
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EQ& Tsunami: Japan 2011- affects |
-Were prepared for EQ but not tsunami. -Tsunami ranged 1-7.3 metres. - £100billion damage -582 roads cut off -91 countries offered aid.
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Disaster Hotspot: California |
-70% of Cali live within 50km of the fault line. -San Andreas fault line runs the length of Cali:- Conservative plate boundary. -2-3 damaging EQ's per year. -Landslide risk is high due to buildings built on and around steep slopes. -EQ under the Pacific Ocean causes a tsunami in Cali. -2007:- wildfires killed 22 people and destroyed 1300 homes. -20% of residents live below poverty line. |
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Climate Change: Arctic |
-Permafrost melting releases the trapped green house gases. -By 2100, 30-85% loss of near surface permafrost. -Dries out soil result in more forest fires. -Affects habitat, living organisms.... -Loss of ice means more heat absorbed as snow reflects 85% sunlight. -Melting of ice caps increase sea levels.
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Boscombe Surf Reef |
-Attract 10,000 surfers per year. -Double surfing days to 77. -Earn £10million per year. -Creates 90 jobs.
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Flood Defence: Thames Barrier |
-Operational since 1982. -Low tide: Open to enhance river flow to sea. -High tide: closed. -1928:- Before barrier, 14 died. -1953:- 307 died. -costs 16,000 to close. -Closed a lot recently due to sea level rising. |
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Fire: Cedar Fire 2003 |
-San Diego, California. -800,000 acres effected. -Killed 15 people. -$2billion property damage. |
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Megaquake?: CSZ |
-The Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ) 'megathrust' fault is a 1,000 Km long. -Dipping fault that stretches from Northern Vancouver Island to Cape Mendocino California. -Experts believe the lack of activity could point to a build up of pressure - which could lead to a massive killer quake. |
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Flood Hazard: Bangladesh- Causes |
-The country has a large population of 125million. -Sea level increasing 7mm per year, decreasing gradientof the river, which in turns slows the river, increasing flooding. -Global warming speeds up Himalayan snow melt. -Most of the country is less than 1m above sea level. |
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Flood Hazard: Bangladesh- Impacts of flood water |
-Replenish ground water reserves. -Provide nutrient rich sediment for vegetableproduction in the dry season. -Provide a resource for aqua-culture. Fish supply 75%of dietary protein and over 10% of annual export earnings. -Impacts of the flood are more catastrophic than theflood itself – spreads disease. -Building costs and maintenance costs – too high forBangladesh to afford |
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Earthquake: Armenian |
-Measured 6.9 on the Richterscale. -Caused by Arabian andEurasion tectionic plates. -Depth of the quake was 5km under surface. -25 000 people killed. -300 000 people injured. -Most buildings did notwithstand the quake – hence many deaths caused by collapsing buildings. -200 strong aftershockslead to even more severe effects. -Very vulnerable. -Buildings constructed with weak materials -No money for technology. -Poor education – peopledid not know what to do. -Chaos – nobody knew howmany people are missing / where they are. -Rescue teams could notget anywhere – all roads blocked |
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Multi-disaster Hotspot: Philippines- Hazards |
-Withina belt of tropical cyclone storms (typhoons). Approx 6-7 major storms per year. -1976tsunami. -Thedense oceanic Philippines plate is being subducted beneath Eurasian plate at adestructive plate margin. - June1991 Volcanic eruption of Pinatubo, killed between 250-800, but many evacuatedas US air base in area gave warnings and provided vehicles. -Tropicalmonsoon climate, subject to heavy rainfall: Feb 2006 1,126 were killed by landslide. -Drought:April 1998 2.5 million affected severely |
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Multi-Disaster Hotspot: Philippines- Vulnerability |
-Lowermiddle income country: lower capacity to cope. -GDP $3300PPP -Witha rapidly increasing young population. -Urbanising at an even greater rate. -Peopleare very poor and live coastally. -making them very vulnerable to locally generated tsunamis and typhoon generated storm surges. |
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Climate Change: Africa |
-Africa makes the least contribution to global warmingworldwide. -Predicted temperature change 4-5°C higher than theglobal rate. -Many of the larger rivers (River Nile) areinternationally shared – causing conflict. Could lead to wars, global migrations and famine. -Food Insecurity: 70% of population are subsistence farmers, many ofwhom will not be able to feed themselves if the water supplies dry up. -Increased locust plagues may also threaten foodsupplies. -Loss of biodiversity due to climate change willthreaten poorer people who are dependent on wildlife. -Loss of safari tourism industry in places like Kenyaas the Big 5 wild animals will die out. -Vector borne and water borne diseases could increasewith climate change - higher medicalexpenses. -80% of remedies rely on wild plants that are underthreat. -60% of Africans live in coastal zones - Coastal zones are at risk of coastal erosion andrising sea levels · -Desertification: Major destroyer of grassland · -Increased by unreliable or decreasing rainfall |
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Climate Change: Arctic |
-3-4°C warming since the 1950s. -6-8°C warming by 2100. -10% decline in snow cover since late 1970s. -10-20% decline in snow cover expected by 2070. -Precipitation increased 8% since 1900, mostly as rain; further increases expected Permafrost has warmed by 2°C since 1970s; shifts northward of the permafrost zone of 100s km are expected. -At currentrates 50% of Arctic ice will be lost by 2100. -The arctic ecosystem is highly vulnerable as it is deeply adapted to anintense, seasonal climate. |
