Geography

Front 1

Moraine

Back 1

Depositional landform that accumulates rock servo as glacier is moved and deposition takes place along margins

Front 2

Stream discharge

Back 2

Volume of flow per unit time. Increase discharge increases kinetic energy.

Front 3

Subduction

Back 3

When two plates move toward each other which causes one plate to have to sink below the other into the earths mantle which is the colder, more dense plate.

Front 4

Magma

Back 4

Consists of molten rock, melted rock, Chrystal's, and dissolved gas

Front 5

Asthenosphere

Back 5

Part of the upper mantle just below the crust that is like plastic (soft) consisting of molten rock

Front 6

Anticlyne

Back 6

The unfold of strata that makes an arch like feature, the strata fold up towards the axis

Front 7

Pyroclastic flow

Back 7

If the eruption column collapses or material gets dense then the gas and tephra ash coming out the flank of the volcano will be at high speeds and dangerous

Front 8

Shield volcano

Back 8

Very large, low profile volcano composed of thin lava flows built up over central vent. As lava cools? Viscosity increases

Front 9

Tensional stress

Back 9

Stretches and pulls against rock

Front 10

Folding

Back 10

Deformation via bending or curving causes by compressional stress

Front 11

Reverse fault

Back 11

Result from horizontal compression in brittle rock that causes hanging wall to be loves up relation to footwall block

Front 12

Volcanic arx

Back 12

Chain of volcanoes parallel to subduction zone that form as an oceanic plate subducts under a plate of oceanic crust

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Elastic deformation

Back 13

Reversible, takes original shape as strain is let off of rock and rock returns to normal

Front 14

Seafloor spreading

Back 14

Where two plates are moving away from each other which causes new oceanic crust and lithosphere to form. Bottom of ocean floor, new crust.

Front 15

Viscosity

Back 15

Resistance to flow (opposite of lucidity) depends primarily on composition and temperature. Increases with increasing Silvia, decreasing with increasing temp.

Front 16

Drainage divides

Back 16

Line separating neighboring watersheds. Along topographically high points.

Front 17

Streamflow

Back 17

Mass of water located above base level that has potential energy and then kinetic energy as the flow is forced downstream.

Front 18

Floodplains

Back 18

Flat or nearly flat land adjacent to a stream that experiences flooding. Leaves alluvial deposits ON floodplain, with larger particles closes to the channel and smaller particles draping the floodplain.

Front 19

Alluvial terracea

Back 19

Reminents of earlier floodplain a that existed at a time when a stream was flowing at a higher elevation before it's channel downcut to create a new floodplain at a lower elevation

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River deltas

Back 20

Landform at the mouth of a river where it flows into an ocean, lake, sea, etc,
Formed from deposition of sediment as flow from river slows and expands upon entering standing water, resulting in decreased ability to transport material.

Front 21

Base level

Back 21

Level below which a stream cannot erode it's valley, typically corresponding with the streams mouth.

Front 22

Stream gradient

Back 22

Rate of elevation decline in a stream from it's headwater to its mouth

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Glaciers

Back 23

Larger natural accumulation of ice that originates on land and flows slot due to stresses induced by it's weight and gravity.
Form by continual accumulation of snow that recrystalizes under it's own weight into an ice mass.

Front 24

Alpine glaciers

Back 24

Long narrow glaciers that forms slope on mountains

Front 25

Valley glacier

Back 25

Type of Alphine glacier that fills a valley initially formed by a stream

Front 26

Contental glacier

Back 26

Occurs on a much larger scale than Alphine glaciers

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Isostatic depression

Back 27

Heavy weight of glaciers causes earths crust to sink

Front 28

Isostatic rebound

Back 28

After continental glaciation has went away, crust rebounds and land rises since ice is no longer weighing on it.

Front 29

Glacial drift

Back 29

Any size sediment left behind by retreating glaciers in other words, any glacial deposit.

Front 30

Kettle

Back 30

Lake formed by retreating blocks of ice that melted and left behind a steep sided hole

Front 31

Exogenic process

Back 31

External process that put into motion air, water, and ice. Carve, shape, and reduce landscape.

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Endogenic process

Back 32

Internal process that produce flows of heat inside earth. Moving, warping, breaking landscape.

Front 33

Collision boundaries

Back 33

When two plates w continental lithosphere collide subduction ceases and a mountain range is formed by squeezing together and uplifting continental crust on both plates.

Front 34

Transform fault boundaries

Back 34

Where two plates slide past one another horizontally. Zones of frequent and powerful earthquakes.

Front 35

Composite volcanoes

Back 35

Steep slopes volcanoes due partly to thick, viscous lava flows that do not travel far down slope from vent.

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Stress

Back 36

Force applied to an area

Front 37

Confining stress

Back 37

Uniform stress where forces act equally in all directions