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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the situation |
It is the location of a place relative to its surroundings and other places Eg a time zone that allows London to trade with the whole world at some point during the work day |
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London’s connectivity |
International- counting all of London’s airports it is the worlds largest air hub. This makes London a great place for TNCs to operate in International HQs- 40% of European HQs of global Fortune 500 (result of connectivity) Education- has over 42 higher education institutes, lots of people with higher education to do specialised jobs Nationally- fast rail links to UK cities, is commutable. Also has lots of motorways and a roads in radial pattern, large number of commuters |
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What is the CBD? |
Is the central business district Centre for retailing, offices and service activity |
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Structure of a city |
Inner core- high rise offices, specialist shops and some large department stores Outer core- town halls, theatres, arenas Frame- major train and bus terminals, car sale rooms, city administration offices Zone of assimilation- expansions of CBD eg turning houses into offices Zone is discard- older, abandoned shops and older offices |
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London’s CBD |
Oldest part of city Where most offices are Most accessible part of city, leads to higher land values and more densely built London’s expanding knowledge economy means expanding CBD |
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London’s inner suburbs |
Built in industrial revolution Lots of factories and densely pack terrace housing Few high income suburbs eg Kensington and Hackney |
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London’s urban-rural fringe |
Where city meets countryside Almost every house has garden Most houses built in late 20th century Some industry (industrial parks) but mainly residential Environmental quality is higher |
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What is internal migration? |
Is when people migrate within the same country or region |
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International migration |
Is when people migrate from one country to another |
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What is social migration? |
Moving somewhere for a better quality of life or to be closer to family |
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What is economic migration? |
Moving to find work or following a particular career path |
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Political mirgation |
Moving to escape persecution or war |
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Environmental migration |
Escaping natural disasters |
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Migration to and from london |
People generally migrate from the north to London- this is because there is a knowledge economy and a better quality of life in London then in the north People general migrate from London to the south- this is because the south is still commutable to work in London, but has more space and is more suitable to bring up a family |
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Choropleth maps |
A thermaux map in which areas are shaded or patterned proportionately to be measurement of the statistical variable being displayed on the map Good as can be used on any scale global or local and helpful for comparing areas Bad as viewer can’t gain detailed info and areas aren’t uniformed |
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How has migration affected différant suburbs |
Has caused more diversity in cheaper housing areas. Has also created lots of différant shops and places of worship |
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Why has migration become an economic necessity |
Because London needs unskilled cheap labour but many people living there have a higher education and do not want to be doing low paid jobs And therefore migrants are needed to fill these low paid jobs |
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Compare two different suburbs in London |
Newham is very deprived due to bad living environment housing is cheap and attracts people with low salary and unemployment Richmond upon Thames has a high living quality compared to the rest of London’s nd there for has high hours prices which attracts high earning workers with higher education |
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London’s decline for industry and what it’s affects were |
The docks could no longer take large container ships as they couldn’t travel up the Thames and shut. The industries relied on this port and therefor closed. This caused lots of unemployment (up to 60% in some areas in east London) which caused 3 main impacts in east London -depopulation (16% fall in inner London boroughs) -unemployment (up to 60%) -suburbanisation became rapid |
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Pros and cons of the greenbelt |
Pro Planning rules on gb area is strict so no new housing- stops city sprawling Lack of greenfield sites means brownfield gets developed Cons Can be partly blamed for high house prices Companies often leapfrog green belt and develop on other side- means longer commuter journeys |
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If land space is expensive, why is re-urbanisation taking place in London |
Space -closure of industries create brownfield sites, new housing can be developed there Investment -investment by large TNCs crest jobs in financial and business services in London’s docklands Gentrification -many high income earners now prefer living close to work in the centre of London, many poor suburbs and been gentrified eg Fulham Studentification. -university expansions has been caused by demand from overseas students, this has large impact on communities— as universities provide employment and student spending regenerates pubs shops and buy-to-let properties |
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Regeneration |
The process where areas that where once in decline start to grow and prosper as a result of redevelopment programmes (eg queen Elizabeth park) or gentrification |
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Rebranding |
Involves the a new name or image for an area being created. A place is deliberately reinvented, usually for economic reasons and then marketed using its new identity to attract new investors. This takes a long time |
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Stratford- change in population pros and cons |
Pros Cultural diversity financial input Cons Housing demand= expensive properties Increased density |
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Stratford- environmental quality pros and cons |
Pros Gentrification QE2 park Cons Space being built on Pollution of various types Energy and waste issues |
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Stratford- economic opportunities pros and cons |
Pros 35000 new jobs Booming construction industry Multiplier effect Improved transport links Cons High salaries needed to live there now High living costs- people wanting to move locally no longer can |
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Sustainability quadrant |
EQUALITY does it benefit everyone FUTURITY will it last ENVIRONMENT is it eco friendly PUBLIC PARTICIPATION is it bottom up (small scale low cost NGO or community lead) or top down (high cost led by TNCs) |
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2 way flows between urban and rural areas |
There is an interdependent relationship between rural and urban areas - people move from rural to urban for employment (commuters) education and lifestyle reasons. There is a counter movement of people moving for a more peaceful lifestyle -services, rural residents use urban services like hospitals and universities and urban people travel to rural landscape for recreation -Resources, urban areas use food produced in urban areas but rural people use urban areas to obtain urban services -Space, lots of urban waste uses rural landfill areas |
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The met offices move to Devon from london |
Done as land is cheaper (£9 for foot2 compared to £90) Area is accessible Caused new jobs in area as not everyone that worked there moved to London And extra £74 million annually to rural east Devon |
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Effect on Devon due to demand |
-population change due to migrants from other parts of uk and retired people -pressure on housing, house prices rise and people can no longer to move locally (housing is 3% below average whilst income is 10% lower). 2/3 of are is AONB so planning permission is hard to get but demand is even higher -pressure on leisure and recreation as lots of tourists (15m day trips a year) which puts pressure on roads and environment |
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Cornwall’s employment issues |
-tourism seasonal so not a regular income -except teleworkers there is no knowledge economy so no high paid jobs -no large population so difficult to attract big employers -dairy herds shrunk by 60% science 2000 so decline in farming work -all tin mines closed due to global competition |
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Cornwall’s housing issues |
-housing prices have gone up yet salaries haven’t, people can’t afford to move locally -limited affordable housing |
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Cornwall’s healthcare and education issues |
-only 38% of villages have a doctors surgery and are often open only once a week- greatly affects old people -good hospitals but are hard to get to due to long distance and slow roads -very few buses run- old people can’t get out and about and young people can’t get to school and 6th form, may decide to not to go |
