Geography 105, Part 2

Front 1

Before 1990, WHICH TWO countries in Central Asia were the only countries already independent of China or the Soviet Union?

Back 1

Afghanistan & Mongolia

Front 2

Which of the following is NOT a major mountain range in Central Asia?
-- Zagros Mountains
-- Hindu Kush
-- Altai Mountains
-- Kunlun Shan
-- Himalayas

Back 2

Zagros mountains

Front 3

One of the great environmental tragedies of the 20th century was the virtual destruction of the _________ due to water mismanagement.

Fluctuations in size and heavy pollution also threaten the ______.

Back 3

Aral Sea

Caspian Sea

Front 4

Deforestation & Polluted rivers/coastal areas (ARE or ARE NOT) major environmental concerns in Central Asia?

Back 4

They are NOT environmental concerns

Front 5

People in Central Asia earn their livelihoods as either nomadic _____ or sedentary _____.

Some of the best farmland in the region is in fan-shaped deposits of sediments dropped by streams flowing out of the mountains, known as _____.

Back 5

Nomadic pastoralists; sedentary farmers

Alluvial fans

Front 6

They live in narrow belts where mountains meet basins and plains....?

Back 6

Most inhabitants of Central Asia's desert regions

Front 7

Urbanization in Central Asia occurred in waves so newer cities were built in close proximity to indigenous ones, resulting in....?

Back 7

Dual-city plans

Front 8

True or False:

The steppes of northern Central Asia had no real cities before the modern age.

Back 8

True!

Front 9

What group is noted for its traditional economy based on transhumance???

Back 9

the Kyrgyz

Front 10

Samarkand has a long and storied history that dates back to.....?

Back 10

Its importance as the midpoint of the ancient Silk Road.

Front 11

Tajik is a Central Asian language that is NOT a _______ language.

Back 11

Not a Turkic language

Front 12

The Taliban, a radical fundamentalist Islamic group, were able to control most of the country of ___________ from the mid-1990s to 2001.

Back 12

Afghanistan

Front 13

Which empire was the only empire to subjugate the whole of the Central Asian region?

Back 13

The Mongol Empire

Front 14

Lamaist Buddhism is specific to what to Central Asian countries?

Back 14

Tibet and Mongolia

Front 15

English is an emerging language in western Central Asia even though ______ is more original to the region.

Back 15

Russian

Front 16

Azerbaijan's Naxcivan province is a portion of the country's territory that lies outside the rest of the country, which is also called an.....?

Back 16

Exclave

Front 17

Which NON-ASIAN country is now a major trading partner with the countries of Central Asia, focusing on trade routes to link the region to its ports?

Back 17

Iran

Front 18

The IMU is a group that formed to create a new Islamic state in.....?

Back 18

Fergana Valley of Uzbekistan

Front 19

When did Afghanistan hold its first election?

Back 19

2004

Front 20

Which is the poorest country in Central Asia?

Ironically, they are the world's largest producers of.....?

Back 20

Afghanistan

Opium

Front 21

Economic development in Central Asia has become focused around WHAT?

Back 21

Oil and gas production

Front 22

While China has placed considerable resources to improve health and education, an estimated ___% of non-Han peoples of Xinjiang are illiterate.

Back 22

60%

Front 23

While there is little access to water for shipping in Central Asia, the region is still connected to the world market via......?

Back 23

Railroads and roadways

Front 24

What are the 5 main mountain ranges in Central Asia?

Back 24

- Hindu Kush
- Himalayas
- Kunlun Shan & Tien Shan
- Pamir Knot
- Karakorum

Front 25

Why does China maintain strict control over Xinjiang? (4)

Back 25

- Nuclear weapons testing
- Oil and mineral deposits
- Millions of Han Chinese have migrated to the area
- Indigenous Ugyurs resent the Chinese government

Front 26

Universal education has INCREASED or DECREASED in Tajikistan following the collapse of the Soviet Union?

Back 26

Education has greatly DECREASED.

Front 27

What are the 3 main desert areas of Central Asia?

Back 27

- Gobi
- Taklamakan
- Kyzyl Kum & Kara Kum

Front 28

What are the 5 main environmental issues in Central Asia?

Back 28

- Oil pollution
- Desertification
- Deforestation
- Collapsing fisheries
- Shrinking/expanding lakes

Front 29

Alluvial fans, loess deposits, and nomadic pastoralism are....?

Back 29

The 3 fundamentals for subsistence agriculture in central Asia.

Front 30

Explain: The Silk Road

Back 30

- Han China to Rome
- Trade route for silk, glass, spice, perfume
- Existed for about 3,000 years
- Route followed oasis cities
- Also promoted spread of diseases and religion

Front 31

Which empire in central Asia was the largest in human history?

What two things did it unify/consolidate?

Back 31

Mongol Empire

Silk Road & the region of Central Asia

Front 32

What two language classes dominate the Central Asian region?

Back 32

Turkic (aka Altaic)
&
Indo-European

Front 33

What are the main religions in Central Asia? (5)

Back 33

- Islam
- Tibetan Buddhism
- Christianity
- Judaism
- Zoroastrianism

Front 34

Which city was the capital of Tamerlane's Empire during the 1400s?

**This city was also the center of the Silk Road

Back 34

Samarkand, Uzbekistan

Front 35

Explain: Dual-Cities

Back 35

Cities with ethnic backgrounds that expanded naturally, but were colonized and have new, outside architecture

Front 36

Which country in Central Asia has the lowest education and health?

Back 36

Afghanistan

Front 37

WHICH South Asian country is most vulnerable to flooding and tropical cylcones, as much of the population of 141 million resides in a river delta at elevations just above sea level.

Back 37

Bangladesh

Front 38

Explain: Chipko movement

Back 38

Women in northern India who engage in the historical practice of hugging trees to protect ancient forests from commercial logging

Front 39

What are South Asia's 4 main physical subregions?

Back 39

- Indus-Ganges-Brahmaputra lowlands
- Peninsular India
- Southern Islands
- Mountainous North

Front 40

Define: Monsoon

Back 40

A distinct seasonal change of wind direction that corresponds to wet and dry periods.

Front 41

Define: Orographic rainfall

Back 41

Precipitation resulting from uplifting and cooling of moist air over mountains occurring during MONSOONS

Front 42

Which countries in South Asia are currently in the Top 10 for "Most Populated Region"?

Back 42

India, Pakistan, & Bangladesh

Front 43

The highest population densities in South Asia are associated with....?

Back 43

Agricultural activities in areas with fertile soils and dependable water supplies.

Front 44

Is [Nepalis --> Bangladesh] a current major migration stream in South Asia?

Back 44

No

Front 45

What are the 4 main migration streams in South Asia?

Back 45

Karnataka --> Goa

Tamils (from Sri Lanka) --> Tamil Nadu

Hindus (from Kashmir) --> Pujab, Delhi

Bangladeshis --> India

Front 46

Define: Bustees

Back 46

Squatter settlements of temporary and often illegal housing in Indian cities

Front 47

THIS capital city was deliberately designed as a "forward capital"....?

Back 47

Islamabad

Front 48

India's caste system is a division of society.

Subcastes linked to professions are _____.

People in "unclean" occupations are called untouchables or ______.

Back 48

Jati
&
Dalits

Front 49

What is the most widely spoken language in South Asia?

Back 49

Hindi

Front 50

Explain: British East India Company

Back 50

Private organization of European colonists that took advantage of political and military turmoil in South Asia during the 1700s.

Front 51

Millions of people moved into more ethnically homogeneous areas throughout South Asia during.......?

Back 51

The Partition of India in 1947

Front 52

India is the world's largest _______.

Their political structure is a _____ state.

Back 52

Democracy

Federal

Front 53

Define: Federal State

Back 53

National government invests a significant amount of power in its individual states, yet retains full control over foreign affairs and economic policy

Front 54

The "Tamil Tigers" and the Singhalese government were in a civil war in WHAT South Asian country?

Back 54

Sri Lanka

Front 55

How has the relationship between Pakistan and the U.S. developed since September 11, 2001?

Back 55

Pakistan's relationship with the United States strengthened as it assisted the U.S. in its fight against the Taliban.

Front 56

Recent events related to internal stability and the war in Afghanistan have focused world attention on the frontier zone of......?

**What country is IT in?

Back 56

Waziristan

Pakistan

Front 57

What 2 South Asian countries are most reliant on tourism for economic growth?

Back 57

Nepal and Maldives

Front 58

Where is the Silicon Plateau?

Back 58

Southern India, near Bangalore

Front 59

In terms of infant mortality and average life span, which 2 South Asian countries are more impoverished than Bangladesh?

Back 59

Nepal and Bhutan

Front 60

Which region is the second most populated in the world?

Back 60

South Asia

Front 61

What were the major EARLY civilizations in South Asia (in order from old to recent)?

Back 61

Indus Valley -- 4,000 ya; cities; early Hinduism

Ganges Valley -- 2,800 ya; urban; Vedic Hinduism

Mauryan Empire -- Buddhist empire

Front 62

Explain: The Caste System

Back 62

- Hierarchically structured society where people are BORN into their caste.
- 4 main castes: priests, princes, merchants and laborers (also the Dalit or "untouchables)
- Caste discrimination and "social pollution" are still somewhat existent

Front 63

Explain: The Moghul Empire

Back 63

- 1526 to 1707
- Islamic empire in India

Front 64

Which religion was developed in Nepal by Brahmin that rejected wealth and believed that anyone could attain enlightenment?

Back 64

Buddhism

Front 65

What are the 4 main sects of Hinduism?

Back 65

Brahma -- creator
Shiva -- destroyer
Vishnu -- maintainer
Yogic

Front 66

Early Vedic Hinduism is closely related to what other religion?

Back 66

Zoroastrianism

Front 67

What religion closely related to Buddhism is rigorously pacifist and vegetarian.

Also, they differ from Buddhism in that they ACCEPT asceticism

Back 67

Jainism

Front 68

What 2 religions are developed from the Shramana system?

Back 68

Buddhism & Jainism

Front 69

What are the 3 major language groups in South Asia?

Back 69

Indo-European
Dravidian
Tibeto-Burman

Front 70

Explain the conflict in Kashmir...

Back 70

- Held by India, Pakistan, and China
- Divided in warfare
- Some want independence and the rest are torn between surrounding countries

Front 71

The Tamil Tigers are a group of WHAT RELIGION that want independence from WHO in Sri Lanka?

Back 71

Dravidian Hindus...

Sinhalese (Indo-European Buddhists)

Front 72

What are the 2 main ethnic groups in Pakistan?

Back 72

Sindhis and Punjabis