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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Human Geography |
examines relationships between people and the environment |
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Culture |
- learned, collective behaviour - never static, always changing - "culture is a process" |
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Cultural Regions (3) |
formal region, functional region, and vernacular region |
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Formal Region |
cultural region inhabited by people who have one or more cultural traits in common; relatively homogeneous (ex. Europe) |
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Functional Region |
a cultural area that functions as a unit politically, socially, or economically (ex. the United States) |
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Vernacular Region |
perceived to exist by its inhabitants as evidenced by the widespread acceptance and use of a special regional name (ex. Dixie, the Outback, etc.) |
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Relocation Diffusion |
individuals/groups with a particular idea or practice migrate from one location to another |
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Expansion Diffusion |
ideas or practices spread throughout a population (snowballing effect) |
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Hierarchical Diffusion |
ideas "leapfrog" from one important person to another, one urban place to another, etc. |
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Contagious Diffusion |
wave-like spread of ideas in the manner of a contagious disease |
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Stimulus Diffusion |
specific trait fails to spread, but the underlying idea/concept is accepted |
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Relocation Diffusion |
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Time-Distance Decay |
the decrease in acceptance of a cultural innovation with increasing time and distance from its origin (ex. the telephone game) |
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Absorbing Barrier |
completely halts diffusion |
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Permeable Barrier |
permits some aspects of innovation to diffuse but weakens continued spread |
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Globalization |
- the binding together of all the lands and peoples of the world into an integrated system driven by a capitalistic free market - more recent phenomenon, 20th century - uneven development |
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Cultural Ecology |
the study of relationships between the physical environment and culture |
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Population Density |
measurement of the population per unit area |
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Carrying Capacity |
the maximum number of people that can be supported in a given area |
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Total Fertility Rate (TFR) |
number of children the average woman will bear during her reproductive lifetime |
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The Demographic Transition |
-the movement from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates -lowering death rate = easy -lowering birth rate = controversial |
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The Five Stages of Demographic Transition |
1. hi-birth, hi-death (pre-industrial) 2. lo-death, hi-birth 3. lo-death, decreasing birth 4. lo-death, lo-birth 5. lo-death, lower birth (post-industrial) |
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Population Pyramid |
graph used to show the age and sex composition of a population - reveals past birth control and future population trends |
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Malthusian |
people who hold the views of Thomas Malthus, who believed that overpopulation is the root cause of poverty, illness, and warfare. |
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Replacement Rate |
a total fertility rate of 2.1; when a population reaches this level, it will remain stable (assuming no immigration or emigration takes place) |
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Dialect |
a distinctive local or regional variant of a language that remains mutually intelligible to speakers of other dialects of that language |
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Pidgin |
composite language consisting of a small vocabulary borrowed from linguistic groups; limited vocab, trade oriented |
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Creole |
language derived from pidgin that developed more vocabulary ad becomes a native language |
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Lingua Franca |
an existing and well-established language |
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Language Families |
1. Indo-European (biggest family) 2. Sino-Tibetan 3. Afro-Asiatic (2 major subfamilies; Semitic and Hamitic) |
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Indo-European Diffusion |
Anatolian (farmers) vs Kurgan (war-like; conquered other lands) |
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Anatolian Hypothesis |
theory of language diffusion that the movement of Indo-European languages from Anatolia (Turkey) followed plant domestication |
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Kurgan Hypothesis |
theory that diffusion of Indo-European languages followed animals domestication |
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Austronesian Diffusion |
-Polynesian triangular realm; Hearth was in Taiwan, made it to NZ and Madagascar -navigation (skill) vs. drifting (luck) voyages |
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Evangelical Success |
language diffusion |
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Indo-European Language Subfamilies |
Ex. Celtic - Welsh, Scottish, Irish, Cornish, etc. Ex. Germanic - German, Dutch, English, Flemish, Swedish, Danish, etc. Ex. Romance - Spanish, French, Portuguese, Italian, Romanian, etc. |
